{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T19:11:02Z","timestamp":1787944262604,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2878,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined which characteristics at baseline predicted the development of T2DM versus maintenance of IGT or conversion to normal glucose tolerance.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied 228 subjects at high risk with IGT who received treatment with placebo in ACT NOW and who underwent baseline anthropometric measures and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 2.4 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a univariate analysis, 45 of 228 (19.7%) IGT individuals developed diabetes. After adjusting for age, sex, and center, increased fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, \u2206G0\u2013120 during OGTT, HbA1c, adipocyte insulin resistance index, ln fasting plasma insulin, and ln \u2206I0\u2013120, as well as family history of diabetes and presence of metabolic syndrome, were associated with increased risk of diabetes. At baseline, higher insulin secretion (ln [\u2206I0\u2013120\/\u2206G0\u2013120]) during the OGTT was associated with decreased risk of diabetes. Higher \u03b2-cell function (insulin secretion\/insulin resistance or disposition index; ln [\u2206I0\u2013120\/\u2206G0\u2013120 \u00d7 Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity]; odds ratio 0.11; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) was the variable most closely associated with reduced risk of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a stepwise multiple-variable analysis, only HbA1c and \u03b2-cell function (ln insulin secretion\/insulin resistance index) predicted the development of diabetes (r = 0.49; P &amp;lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]],"date-time":"2013-09-24T05:24:42Z","timestamp":1380000282000},"page":"3607-3612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Prediction of Diabetes Based on Baseline Metabolic Characteristics in Individuals at High Risk"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ralph A.","family":"DeFronzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas"},{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devjit","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas"},{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn C.","family":"Schwenke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, Arizona"},{"name":"College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MaryAnn","family":"Banerji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SUNY Health Science Center at Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George A.","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California"},{"name":"University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas E.","family":"Kitabchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunder","family":"Mudaliar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California"},{"name":"University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Ratner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medstar Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frankie B.","family":"Stentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Musi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas"},{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Reaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Gastaldelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas"},{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas"},{"name":"Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the ACT NOW 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