{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T09:52:17Z","timestamp":1769334737556,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2817,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Several studies have been published in 2009 suggesting a possible association between insulin glargine and increased risk of malignancies, including breast cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the relation between the individual insulins (glargine, aspart, lispro, and human insulin) and development of breast cancer.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Seven hundred seventy-five incident cases of primary invasive or in situ carcinoma breast cancer occurring in women with diabetes from 92 centers in the U.K., Canada, and France were matched to a mean of 3.9 diabetic community control subjects (n = 3,050; recruited from 580 general practices) by country, age, recruitment date, and diabetes type and management. The main risk model was a multivariate conditional logistic regression model with case\/control status as the dependent variable and individual insulin use, 8 years preceding the index date, as the independent variable, controlling for past use of any insulin, oral antidiabetes drugs, reproductive factors, lifestyle, education, hormone replacement therapy and history of contraceptive use, BMI, comorbidities, diabetes duration, and annual number of physician visits. Glargine was also compared with every other insulin by computing all ratios using the variance-covariance matrix of logistic model parameters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adjusted odds ratios of breast cancer for each type of insulin versus no use of that insulin were 1.04 (95% CI 0.76\u20131.44) for glargine, 1.23 (0.79\u20131.92) for lispro, 0.95 (0.64\u20131.40) for aspart, and 0.81 (0.55\u20131.20) for human insulin. Two-by-two comparisons found no difference between glargine and the different types of insulins. Insulin dosage or duration of use and tumor stage did not change the results.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This international study found no difference in the risk of developing breast cancer in patients with diabetes among the different types of insulin with short- to mid-term duration of use. Longer-term studies would be of interest.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,16]],"date-time":"2013-08-16T04:06:36Z","timestamp":1376625996000},"page":"134-143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Risk of Breast Cancer by Individual Insulin Use: An International Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Lamiae","family":"Grimaldi-Bensouda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LA-SER and National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Marty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Therapeutic Innovation in Oncology and Hematology, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony H.","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Centre, Heart of England National Health Service Foundation Trust, and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique","family":"Penault-Llorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Center Jean-Perrin, University of Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Oncology and Medicine, Gerald Bronfman Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Charbonnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Department, University of Nantes, Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Riddle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Mignot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Curie Institute, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, McGill University, and Clinical Epidemiology, Lady Davis Institute, G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Juif Hospital, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Artak","family":"Khachatryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LA-SER Europe Limited, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Rossignol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LA-SER Center for Risk Research and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"B\u00e9nichou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University Hospital of Rouen, Rouen, France, and INSERM U657, Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annick","family":"Alp\u00e9rovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U708-Neuroepidemiology and University Bordeaux-Segalen, Bordeaux, 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