{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:32:06Z","timestamp":1788449526074,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2878,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This retrospective, single-center study was designed to distinguish severe diabetic foot infection (DFI) from moderate DFI based on the presence or absence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The database of a single academic foot and ankle program was reviewed and 119 patients were identified. Severe DFI was defined as local infection associated with manifestation of two or more objective findings of systemic toxicity using SIRS criteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients with severe DFI experienced a 2.55-fold higher risk of any amputation (95% CI 1.21\u20135.36) and a 7.12-fold higher risk of major amputation (1.83\u201341.05) than patients with moderate DFI. The risk of minor amputations was not significantly different between the two groups (odds ratio 1.02 [95% CI 0.51\u20132.28]). The odds of having a severe DFI was 7.82 times higher in patients who presented with gangrene (2.03\u201344.81) and five times higher in patients who reported symptoms of anorexia, chills, nausea, or vomiting (2.22\u201311.25). The mean hospital length of stay for patients with severe DFI was \u223c4 days longer than for patients with moderate DFI, and this difference was statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>SIRS is valid in distinguishing severe from moderate DFI in hospitalized patients. Patients with severe DFI, as by manifesting two or more signs of systemic inflammation or toxicity, had higher rates of major amputation and longer hospital stays and required more surgery and more subsequent admissions than patients who did not manifest SIRS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,24]],"date-time":"2013-09-24T05:24:42Z","timestamp":1380000282000},"page":"3706-3711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["SIRS Is Valid in Discriminating Between Severe and Moderate Diabetic Foot Infections"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Dane K.","family":"Wukich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Mercy Center for Healing and Amputation Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberlee B.","family":"Hobizal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healing and Amputation Prevention, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Mercy Foot and Ankle Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine Marie","family":"Raspovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Healing and Amputation Prevention, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Mercy Foot and Ankle Program, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bedda L.","family":"Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031302182773800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1086\/424846","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections","volume":"39","author":"Lipsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022031302182773800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1086\/511036","article-title":"Validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America\u2019s diabetic foot infection classification system","volume":"44","author":"Lavery","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022031302182773800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis346","article-title":"2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot 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palpable pedal pulse: successes and lessons learnt","volume":"10","author":"Arag\u00f3n-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"key":"2022031302182773800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722146","volume-title":"Applied Logistic Regression","author":"Hosmer","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed."}],"container-title":["Diabetes 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