{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:44:16Z","timestamp":1790707456403,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,28]],"date-time":"2021-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2817,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Impaired incretin response represents an early and uniform defect in type 2 diabetes, but the contributions of genes and the environment are poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied 35 monozygotic (MZ) and 75 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (discordant and concordant for obesity) to determine the heritability of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the influence of acquired obesity to GLP-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and peptide YY (PYY) during OGTT or meal test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The heritability of GLP-1 area under the curve was 67% (95% CI 45\u201380). Cotwins from weight-concordant MZ and DZ pairs and weight-discordant MZ pairs but concordant for liver fat content demonstrated similar glucose, insulin, and incretin profiles after the OGTT and meal tests. In contrast, higher insulin responses and blunted 60-min GLP-1 responses during the OGTT were observed in the heavier as compared with leaner MZ cotwins discordant for BMI, liver fat, and insulin sensitivity. Blunted GLP-1 response to OGTT was observed in heavier as compared with leaner DZ cotwins discordant for obesity and insulin sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Whereas the GLP-1 response to the OGTT is heritable, an acquired unhealthy pattern of obesity characterized by liver fat accumulation and insulin resistance is closely related to impaired GLP-1 response in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,30]],"date-time":"2013-08-30T00:17:51Z","timestamp":1377821871000},"page":"242-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["GLP-1 Responses Are Heritable and Blunted in Acquired Obesity With High Liver Fat and Insulin Resistance"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Niina","family":"Matikainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Diabetes and Obesity, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonie H.","family":"Bogl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Hakkarainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesper","family":"Lundbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Lundbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaakko","family":"Kaprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"FIMM 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