{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T18:42:33Z","timestamp":1777747353393,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To compare two self-titration algorithms for initiating and escalating prandial insulin lispro in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The trial was designed as two independent, multinational, parallel, open-label studies (A and B), identical in design, to provide substantial evidence of efficacy and safety in endocrine and generalist settings. Subjects were 18\u201385 years old (study A: N = 528; study B: N = 578), on basal insulin plus oral antidiabetic drugs for \u22653 months, and had an HbA1c 7.0% to \u226412.0% (&amp;gt;53.0 to \u2264107.7 mmol\/mol). Once optimized on insulin glargine, subjects were randomized to one of two self-titration algorithm groups adjusting lispro either every day (Q1D) or every 3 days (Q3D) for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in HbA1c from baseline. The primary and secondary objectives were evaluated for the overall population and subjects \u226565 years old.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Baseline HbA1c was similar (study A: Q1D 8.3% [67.2 mmol\/mol] vs. Q3D 8.4% [68.3 mmol\/mol], P = 0.453; study B: Q1D 8.3% [67.2 mmol\/mol] vs. Q3D 8.4% [68.3 mmol\/mol], P = 0.162). Both algorithms had significant and equivalent reductions in HbA1c from baseline (study A: Q3D \u20130.96% [\u201310.49 mmol\/mol], Q1D \u20131.00% [\u201310.93 mmol\/mol], Q3D\u2013Q1D 0.04% [0.44 mmol\/mol] [95% CI \u20130.15 to 0.22 (\u20131.64 to 2.40)]; study B: Q3D \u20130.92% [\u201310.06 mmol\/mol], Q1D \u20130.98% [\u201310.71 mmol\/mol], Q3D\u2013Q1D 0.06% [0.66 mmol\/mol] [95% CI \u20130.12 to 0.24 (\u20131.31 to 2.62)]). The incidence and rate of hypoglycemia were similar for Q3D and Q1D in both studies. In general, no clinically relevant differences were found between the two algorithms in subjects \u226565 years old in either study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prandial insulin lispro can effectively and safely be initiated, by either of two self-titrated algorithms, in a variety of practice settings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T10:35:14Z","timestamp":1397817314000},"page":"2132-2140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["AUTONOMY: The First Randomized Trial Comparing Two Patient-Driven Approaches to Initiate and Titrate Prandial Insulin Lispro in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Steve V.","family":"Edelman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennal","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard C.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031219544061900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.13.6.676","article-title":"Evening insulin strategy","volume":"13","author":"Riddle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219544061900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.2000.11444032","article-title":"A simple therapeutic combination for type 2 diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Yki-J\u00e4rvinen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hosp Pract (1995)"},{"key":"2022031219544061900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.23.8.1130","article-title":"Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes. 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