{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:06:33Z","timestamp":1789977993003,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota are an important modifier of obesity and diabetes. However, so far there is no information on gut microbiota and \u201clive gut bacteria\u201d in the systemic circulation of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n Using a sensitive reverse transcription\u2013quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method, we determined the composition of fecal gut microbiota in 50 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 control subjects, and its association with various clinical parameters, including inflammatory markers. We also analyzed the presence of gut bacteria in blood samples.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The counts of the Clostridium coccoides group, Atopobium cluster, and Prevotella (obligate anaerobes) were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05), while the counts of total Lactobacillus (facultative anaerobes) were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in fecal samples of diabetic patients than in those of control subjects. Especially, the counts of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum subgroups were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05). Gut bacteria were detected in blood at a significantly higher rate in diabetic patients than in control subjects (28% vs. 4%, P &lt; 0.01), and most of these bacteria were Gram-positive.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n This is the first report of gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as assessed by RT-qPCR. The high rate of gut bacteria in the circulation suggests translocation of bacteria from the gut to the bloodstream.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,14]],"date-time":"2014-05-14T06:02:48Z","timestamp":1400047368000},"page":"2343-2350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":397,"title":["Gut Dysbiosis and Detection of \u201cLive Gut Bacteria\u201d in Blood of Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Junko","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Kanazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of 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