{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:58:01Z","timestamp":1792173481544,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2638,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neonatal vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of low-dose (LD) versus high-dose (HD) vitamin D supplementation to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels &amp;lt;32 ng\/mL before 20 weeks\u2019 gestation were randomized to oral vitamin D3 at 5,000 IU daily (HD) (n = 89) or the recommended pregnancy dose of 400 IU daily (LD) (n = 90) until delivery. The primary end point was maternal glucose levels on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 26\u201328 weeks\u2019 gestation. Secondary end points included neonatal 25OHD, obstetric and other neonatal outcomes, and maternal homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Analysis was by intention to treat.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was no difference in maternal glucose levels on OGTT. Twelve LD women (13%) developed GDM versus seven (8%) HD women (P = 0.25). Neonatal cord 25OHD was higher in HD offspring (46 \u00b1 11 vs. 29 \u00b1 12 ng\/mL, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and deficiency was more common in LD offspring (24 vs. 10%, P = 0.06). Post hoc analysis in LD women showed an inverse relationship between pretreatment 25OHD and both fasting and 2-h blood glucose level on OGTT (both P &amp;lt; 0.001). Baseline 25OHD remained an independent predictor after multiple regression analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HD vitamin D supplementation commencing at a mean of 14 weeks\u2019 gestation does not improve glucose levels in pregnancy. However, in women with baseline levels &amp;lt;32 ng\/mL, 5,000 IU per day was well tolerated and highly effective at preventing neonatal vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,24]],"date-time":"2014-04-24T08:26:50Z","timestamp":1398328010000},"page":"1837-1844","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Vitamin D Supplementation and the Effects on Glucose Metabolism During Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Constance","family":"Yap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. Wah","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny E.","family":"Gunton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Diabetes and Transcription Factors Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Athayde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, 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