{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T15:03:50Z","timestamp":1769526230222,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n We evaluate the association between gestational weight gain and offspring birth weight in singleton term pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n One hundred fifteen consecutive women referred at &lt;14 weeks were retrospectively classified as underweight (prepregnancy BMI &lt;18.5 kg\/m2; n = 1), normal weight (18.5\u201324.9; n = 65), overweight (25.0\u201329.9; n = 39), or obese (\u226530.0; n = 10). Gestational weight gain was categorized as excessive, appropriate, or insufficient according to the Institute of Medicine recommendations for each BMI class. Women with nephropathy, preeclampsia, and\/or preterm delivery were excluded because of restrictive impact on fetal growth and limited time for total weight gain.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n HbA1c was comparable at \u223c6.6% (49 mmol\/mol) at 8 weeks and \u223c6.0% (42 mmol\/mol) at 36 weeks between women with excessive (n = 62), appropriate (n = 37), and insufficient (n = 16) gestational weight gain. Diabetes duration was comparable, and median prepregnancy BMI was 25.3 (range 18\u201341) vs. 23.5 (18\u201331) vs. 22.7 (20\u201330) kg\/m2 (P = 0.05) in the three weight gain groups. Offspring birth weight and birth weight SD score decreased across the groups (3,681 [2,374\u20134,500] vs. 3,395 [2,910\u20134,322] vs. 3,295 [2,766\u20134,340] g [P = 0.02] and 1.08 [\u22121.90 to 3.25] vs. 0.45 [\u22120.83 to 3.18] vs. \u22120.02 [\u22121.51 to 2.96] [P = 0.009], respectively). In a multiple linear regression analysis, gestational weight gain (kg) was positively associated with offspring birth weight (g) (\u03b2 = 19; P = 0.02) and birth weight SD score (\u03b2 = 0.06; P = 0.008) when adjusted for prepregnancy BMI, HbA1c at 36 weeks, smoking, parity, and ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Higher gestational weight gain in women with type 1 diabetes was associated with increasing offspring birth weight independent of glycemic control and prepregnancy BMI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,23]],"date-time":"2014-09-23T19:30:15Z","timestamp":1411500615000},"page":"2677-2684","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Higher Gestational Weight Gain Is Associated With Increasing Offspring Birth Weight Independent of Maternal Glycemic Control in Women With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Secher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara B.","family":"Parellada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lene","family":"Ringholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rg","family":"\u00c1sbj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth R.","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031221232394700_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38043.583160.EE","article-title":"Risk of complications of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes: nationwide prospective study in the Netherlands","volume":"328","author":"Evers","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031221232394700_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2721-z","article-title":"HbA(1c) and birthweight in women with pre-conception type 1 and type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study","volume":"55","author":"Glinianaia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031221232394700_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2819","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2819","article-title":"Outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: a nationwide, population-based study","volume":"27","author":"Jensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031221232394700_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2627-9","article-title":"Trends in maternal BMI, glycaemic control and perinatal outcome among type 1 diabetic pregnant women in 1989-2008","volume":"55","author":"Klemetti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031221232394700_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0656","article-title":"Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: A large, population-based study","volume":"32","author":"Persson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031221232394700_B6","volume-title":"The Pregnant Diabetic and Her Newborn; 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