{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T18:23:40Z","timestamp":1789237420906,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>No prospective, community-based cohort studies have investigated the association between blood pressure and diabetes in Asian ethnicity. We investigated this issue in a 10-year prospective, community-based study of Koreans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We studied whether high blood pressure was associated with the development of diabetes in a population-based cohort, where we sampled \u223c5,000 random subjects each from rural and urban areas (age range 40\u201369 years) during 2001\u20132010. Among 10,038 subjects, 8,359 without diabetes at baseline were categorized into normal (n = 4,809), prehypertension (n = 2,141), stage 1 hypertension (n = 804), and stage 2 hypertension (n = 605) groups, according to their blood pressure readings of &amp;lt;120\/80 mmHg, 120\u2013139\/80\u201389 mmHg, 140\u2013159\/90\u201299 mmHg, and \u2265160\/100 mmHg, respectively. The development of diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose concentration of \u2265126 mg\/dL or a postload glucose concentration of \u2265200 mg\/dL, based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, or the use of antidiabetic medication.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the 10-year follow-up period, diabetes developed in 1,195 subjects (14.3%). The incidence of diabetes increased from 11.1% in the normal group to 17.0% in the prehypertension group, 17.7% in the stage 1 hypertension group, and 25.8% in the stage 2 hypertension group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). After adjusting for anthropometric factors; family history of diabetes; biochemical parameters including C-reactive protein, A1C, and fasting glucose and postload 2-h glucose levels; and the use of lipid-lowering medications, the hazard risks of diabetes development were 1.23 (95% CI 1.06\u20131.42), 1.26 (1.04\u20131.54), and 1.60 (1.30\u20131.96), respectively, in the prehypertension, stage 1 hypertension, and stage 2 hypertension groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings indicate a grade association of baseline blood pressure with the development of diabetes in Korean individuals.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T02:00:53Z","timestamp":1432000853000},"page":"1333-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["High Blood Pressure and Its Association With Incident Diabetes Over 10 Years in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Nam H.","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Hee","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyong Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hak Chul","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Soo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongwon-gun, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031220334751300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111776","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertension obesity and glucose intolerance","volume":"75","author":"Modan","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1992.tb00529.x","article-title":"Prevalence of hyperinsulinaemia in patients with high blood pressure","volume":"231","author":"Zavaroni","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/10641960802269919","article-title":"HOMA-estimated insulin resistance is associated with hypertension in Iranian diabetic and non-diabetic subjects","volume":"30","author":"Esteghamati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2011.89","article-title":"Hyperinsulinemia and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as predictors of hypertension: a 5-year follow-up study of Korean sample","volume":"24","author":"Sung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199602083340607","article-title":"Hypertension and associated metabolic abnormalities\u2014the role of insulin resistance and the sympathoadrenal system","volume":"334","author":"Reaven","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b880","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b880","article-title":"Predicting risk of type 2 diabetes in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QDScore","volume":"338","author":"Hippisley-Cox","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-2347","article-title":"A simple screening score for diabetes for the Korean population: development, validation, and comparison with other scores","volume":"35","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.725","article-title":"The diabetes risk score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk","volume":"26","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00043798-199802000-00003","article-title":"Relationship between hyperinsulinemia and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring of lean and overweight male hypertensives","volume":"5","author":"Feldstein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Risk"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.10.1683","article-title":"High normal blood pressure, hypertension, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men. The Osaka Health Survey","volume":"22","author":"Hayashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328307c3e9","article-title":"Blood pressure and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in men and women from the general population: the Monitoring Trends and Determinants on Cardiovascular Diseases\/Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg Cohort Study","volume":"26","author":"Meisinger","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1786","article-title":"Blood pressure and the risk of developing diabetes in African Americans and whites: ARIC, CARDIA, and the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"34","author":"Wei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00158782","article-title":"High blood pressure and the incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: findings in a 11.5 year follow-up study in the Netherlands","volume":"9","author":"Stolk","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200003303421301","article-title":"Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","volume":"342","author":"Gress","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344102","article-title":"A rural-urban comparison of the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome by gender in Korea: the Korean Health and Genome Study (KHGS)","volume":"29","author":"Lim","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.357","article-title":"A large-scale genome-wide association study of Asian populations uncovers genetic factors influencing eight quantitative traits","volume":"41","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/50.2.255","article-title":"Effect of obesity on bioelectrical impedance","volume":"50","author":"Gray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0800622","article-title":"Bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements of total body water and extracellular water in healthy elderly subjects","volume":"22","author":"Vach\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","article-title":"Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge","volume":"18","author":"Friedewald","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","article-title":"The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report","volume":"289","author":"Chobanian","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9136(199807)15:7<539::AID-DIA668>3.0.CO;2-S","article-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation","volume":"15","author":"Alberti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00280883","article-title":"Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man","volume":"28","author":"Matthews","year":"1985","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105534","article-title":"Insulin secretion in response to glycemic stimulus: relation of delayed initial release to carbohydrate intolerance in mild diabetes mellitus","volume":"46","author":"Seltzer","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2009.05.005","article-title":"An accurate risk score for estimation 5-year risk of type 2 diabetes based on a health screening population in Taiwan","volume":"85","author":"Sun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-012-0227-2","article-title":"Diabetes and hypertension: is there a common metabolic pathway","volume":"14","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S9","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.46.2.S9","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction: cause of the insulin resistance syndrome","volume":"46","author":"Pinkney","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E14","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.88.2.e14","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus","volume":"88","author":"Hink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000122852.22604.78","article-title":"Is oxidative stress the pathogenic mechanism underlying insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease? The common soil hypothesis revisited","volume":"24","author":"Ceriello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B29","first-page":"2126","article-title":"The differential effect of food intake and beta-adrenergic stimulation on adipose-derived hormones and cytokines in man","volume":"84","author":"Orban","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.07.001","article-title":"Of the renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen species type 2 diabetes and angiotensin II inhibition","volume":"18","author":"Leiter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.860","article-title":"Risk of incident diabetes with intensive-dose compared with moderate-dose statin therapy: a meta-analysis","volume":"305","author":"Preiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61965-6","article-title":"Statins and risk of incident diabetes: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomised statin trials","volume":"375","author":"Sattar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.834","article-title":"Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies common variants associated with blood pressure variation in east Asians","volume":"43","author":"Kato","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2022031220334751300_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.675355","article-title":"Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"116","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/38\/7\/1333\/624077\/dc141931.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/38\/7\/1333\/624077\/dc141931.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T22:38:43Z","timestamp":1647124723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/38\/7\/1333\/30902\/High-Blood-Pressure-and-Its-Association-With"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc14-1931","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,18]]}}}