{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T03:33:38Z","timestamp":1789356818304,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":259,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/site\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dr.-B\u00fcrger-B\u00fcsing Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001648","name":"European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001648","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"German Diabetes Association"},{"name":"German Federal Ministry for Education and Research","award":["FKZ 01GI1106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 01GI1106"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to explore metabolic risk factors and glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data for 60,162 subjects with type 1 diabetes up to the age of 25 years registered in the nationwide German\/Austrian Diabetes Survey were included in the analysis. BMI; HbA1c; treatment strategy; prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, microalbuminuria, and retinopathy; frequency of hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA); and immigrant status among subjects treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics were compared with those without antipsychotic medication and analyzed by regression analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 291 subjects with type 1 diabetes (median diabetes duration 7.2 years) received antipsychotic medications (most commonly risperidone). Subjects treated with antipsychotics had a higher BMI (P = 0.004) and dyslipidemia was more frequent (P = 0.045) compared with subjects not receiving antipsychotic medication. Frequencies of severe hypoglycemia and DKA were significantly higher in subjects receiving antipsychotics (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The prevalences of hypertension, microalbuminuria, and retinopathy were not different. In subjects treated with typical antipsychotics, glycemic control did not differ compared with those who did not receive antipsychotic medications. By contrast, subjects treated with atypical antipsychotics had higher HbA1c levels (P = 0.022).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This analysis from a real-life survey demonstrated that subjects with antipsychotic medication had worse glycemic control and a higher rate of acute complications compared with those without antipsychotic medication. Health care teams caring for youth with type 1 diabetes taking antipsychotic medication need to know about these findings. We suggest monitoring metabolic risk factors as well as providing diabetes education about prevention of acute complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T02:33:18Z","timestamp":1426645998000},"page":"1051-1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Comparison of Glycemic and Metabolic Control in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Antipsychotic Medication: Analysis From the Nationwide German\/Austrian Diabetes Survey (DPV)"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Galler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Bollow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Meusers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Herdecke, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bela","family":"Bartus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Filderklinik Paediatrics, Filderstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"N\u00e4ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Haberland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sana Hospital Berlin Lichtenberg, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Schober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Vienna, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard W.","family":"Holl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031301273902600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.158.8.753","article-title":"New users of antipsychotic medications among children enrolled in TennCare","volume":"158","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ambp.2005.11.002","article-title":"Trends in prescribing of antipsychotic medications for US children","volume":"6","author":"Cooper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ambul Pediatr"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.6.679","article-title":"National trends in the outpatient treatment of children and adolescents with antipsychotic drugs","volume":"63","author":"Olfson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.647","article-title":"National trends in the office-based treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with antipsychotics","volume":"69","author":"Olfson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-013-0382-3","article-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology of antipsychotic use in youth with ADHD: trends and clinical implications","volume":"15","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.2053","article-title":"Antipsychotics and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and youth","volume":"70","author":"Bobo","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w770","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.28.5.w770","article-title":"Broadened use of atypical antipsychotics: safety, effectiveness, and policy challenges","volume":"28","author":"Crystal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Aff (Millwood)"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200519001-00001","article-title":"Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: a comprehensive literature review","volume":"19","author":"Newcomer","year":"2005","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370605100803","article-title":"The metabolic effects of antipsychotic medications","volume":"51","author":"Newcomer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmh.11.3.81","article-title":"Review: children and adolescents with schizophrenia spectrum disorders respond to antipsychotics, but are susceptible to adverse events","volume":"11","author":"Nicol","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evid Based Ment Health"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1L015","article-title":"Antipsychotics and diabetes: an age-related association","volume":"42","author":"Hammerman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370905401104","article-title":"Increased prevalence of obesity and glucose intolerance in youth treated with second-generation antipsychotic medications","volume":"54","author":"Panagiotopoulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0855","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication use among children and risk of diabetes mellitus","volume":"128","author":"Andrade","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B14"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200210000-00003","article-title":"Open-label study of olanzapine in children with pervasive developmental disorder","volume":"22","author":"Kemner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1007\/s001120170107","article-title":"Perzentile f\u00fcr den Body Mass Index f\u00fcr das Kindes- und Jugendalter unter Heranziehung verschiedener deutscher Stichproben","volume":"149","author":"Kromeyer-Hauschild","year":"2001","journal-title":"Monatsschr Kinderheilkd"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.79.1.1","article-title":"Report of the Second Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children\u20131987. Task Force on Blood Pressure Control in Children. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland","volume":"79","year":"1987","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.98.4.649","article-title":"Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: a working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program","volume":"98","author":"National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00569.x","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents with diabetes","volume":"10","author":"Wolfsdorf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0586-9","article-title":"Metabolic control as reflected by HbA1c in children, adolescents and young adults with type-1 diabetes mellitus: combined longitudinal analysis including 27,035 patients from 207 centers in Germany and Austria during the last decade","volume":"167","author":"Gerstl","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2009.00576.x","article-title":"Microvascular and macrovascular complications associated with diabetes in children and adolescents","volume":"10","author":"Donaghue","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B22","unstructured":"Bundes\u00e4rztekammer (B\u00c4K). Kassen\u00e4rztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV). Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Nierenerkrankungen bei Diabetes im Erwachsenenalter, Langfassung. 1.Auflage. Version 5. September 2010. Zuletzt ge\u00e4ndert: May 2013. Available from http:\/\/www.leitlinien.de\/mdb\/downloads\/nvl\/diabetes-mellitus\/dm-nierenerkrankungen-1aufl-vers5-lang.pdf. Accessed 12 March 2015"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B23","first-page":"A341","article-title":"Richtlinie der Bundes\u00e4rztekammer zur Qualit\u00e4tssicherung laboratoriumsmedizinischer Untersuchungen","volume":"105","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.3.436","article-title":"Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus","volume":"48","author":"Sacks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371305800608","article-title":"A population-based study of antipsychotic prescription trends in children and adolescents in British Columbia, from 1996 to 2011","volume":"58","author":"Ronsley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B26","first-page":"25","article-title":"Antipsychotic prescription in children and adolescents: an analysis of data from a German statutory health insurance company from 2005 to 2012","volume":"111","author":"Bachmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3074","article-title":"National trends in the mental health care of children, adolescents, and adults by office-based physicians","volume":"71","author":"Olfson","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.11.1686","article-title":"Antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis","volume":"156","author":"Allison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2008.08050756","article-title":"Double-blind comparison of first- and second-generation antipsychotics in early-onset schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: findings from the treatment of early-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorders (TEOSS) study","volume":"165","author":"Sikich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2008.01334.x","article-title":"Which comes first: atypical antipsychotic treatment or cardiometabolic risk?","volume":"119","author":"Stahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2004.01.014","article-title":"The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: a comprehensive review","volume":"70","author":"Meyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","author":"The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.19.2511","article-title":"Predictors of acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"287","author":"Rewers","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031301273902600_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0262","article-title":"Risks of psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a population-based cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Butwicka","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/care.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/dc14-2538","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/38\/6\/1051\/623861\/dc142538.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/38\/6\/1051\/623861\/dc142538.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,8]],"date-time":"2023-08-08T21:25:02Z","timestamp":1691529902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/38\/6\/1051\/37375\/Comparison-of-Glycemic-and-Metabolic-Control-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc14-2538","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]]}}}