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It has also been associated with vascular risk in people with diabetes. However, the association of CIMT change in repeated examinations with subsequent CVD events is uncertain, and its use as a surrogate end point in clinical trials is controversial. We aimed at determining the relation of CIMT change to CVD events in people with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a comprehensive meta-analysis of individual participant data, we collated data from 3,902 adults (age 33\u201392 years) with type 2 diabetes from 21 population-based cohorts. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) difference in mean common carotid artery intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) or in CCA-IMT progression, both calculated from two examinations on average 3.6 years apart, for each cohort, and combined the estimates with random-effects meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Average mean CCA-IMT ranged from 0.72 to 0.97 mm across cohorts in people with diabetes. The HR of CVD events was 1.22 (95% CI 1.12\u20131.33) per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT, after adjustment for age, sex, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Average mean CCA-IMT progression in people with diabetes ranged between \u22120.09 and 0.04 mm\/year. The HR per SD difference in mean CCA-IMT progression was 0.99 (0.91\u20131.08).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite reproducing the association between CIMT level and vascular risk in subjects with diabetes, we did not find an association between CIMT change and vascular risk. These results do not support the use of CIMT progression as a surrogate end point in clinical trials in people with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T02:40:32Z","timestamp":1437014432000},"page":"1921-1929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression and Risk of Vascular Events in People With Diabetes: Results From the PROG-IMT Collaboration"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Matthias W.","family":"Lorenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie F.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel L.","family":"Bots","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Polak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Poppert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Kavousi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine B\/Cardiology, Greifswald University Clinic, Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Stensland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Ducimetiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris Sud-XI, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimmo","family":"Ronkainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kiechl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Sitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Klinikum Herford, Herford, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Rundek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Grigore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Bokemark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonsa","family":"Friera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Yanez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Bickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, 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Arfan","family":"Ikram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"V\u00f6lzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Community Medicine, SHIP\/Clinical-Epidemiological Research, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stein Harald","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moise","family":"Desvarieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY"},{"name":"\u00c9cole des Hautes \u00c9tudes en Sant\u00e9 Publique, Paris, France"},{"name":"INSERM U 738, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuxiang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe D.","family":"Norata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SISA Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Bassini Hospital, Cinisello Balsamo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of the Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Benedictus Hospital Tutzing and Feldafing, Feldafing, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Hofman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Schminke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Greifswald University Clinic, Greifswald, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellisiv","family":"Mathiesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Troms\u00f8, Troms\u00f8, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthieu","family":"Plichart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U 970, Paris, France"},{"name":"Gerontology Department, Broca Hospital, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Kauhanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Willeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralph L.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stela","family":"McLachlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Fagerberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberico L.","family":"Catapano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar H.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alpaslan","family":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Scheckenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Pflug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, 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