{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T23:33:15Z","timestamp":1791415995735,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,1]],"date-time":"2016-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":230,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/site\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause substantially less weight loss than expected from the energy excreted via glycosuria. Our aim was to analyze this phenomenon quantitatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-six patients with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c 7.8 \u00b1 0.8% [62 \u00b1 9 mmol\/mol], estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 89 \u00b1 19 mL \u22c5 min\u22121 \u22c5 1.73 m\u22122) received empagliflozin (25 mg\/day) for 90 weeks with frequent (n = 11) assessments of body weight, eGFR, and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Time-dependent glucose filtration was calculated as the product of eGFR and FPG; time-dependent glycosuria was estimated from previous direct measurements. The relation of calorie-to-weight changes was estimated using a mathematical model of human energy metabolism that simulates the time course of weight change for a given change in calorie balance and calculates the corresponding energy intake changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At week 90, weight loss averaged \u22123.2 \u00b1 4.2 kg (corresponding to a median calorie deficit of 51 kcal\/day [interquartile range (IQR) 112]). However, the observed calorie loss through glycosuria (206 kcal\/day [IQR 90]) was predicted to result in a weight loss of \u201311.3 \u00b1 3.1 kg, assuming no compensatory changes in energy intake. Thus, patients lost only 29 \u00b1 41% of the weight loss predicted by their glycosuria; the model indicated that this difference was accounted for by a 13% (IQR 12) increase in calorie intake (269 kcal\/day [IQR 258]) coupled with a 2% (IQR 5) increase in daily energy expenditure (due to diet-induced thermogenesis). This increased calorie intake was inversely related to baseline BMI (partial r = \u22120.34, P &amp;lt; 0.01) and positively to baseline eGFR (partial r = 0.29, P &amp;lt; 0.01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic glycosuria elicits an adaptive increase in energy intake. Combining SGLT2 inhibition with caloric restriction is expected to be associated with major weight loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,15]],"date-time":"2015-07-15T22:40:32Z","timestamp":1437000032000},"page":"1730-1735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":322,"title":["Energy Balance After Sodium\u2013Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Ferrannini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Medicine, San Lazzaro Hospital, Alba, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. 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