{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:02:56Z","timestamp":1784736176828,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-61212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-61212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-61230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-61230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-61239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-61239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-61242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-61242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-61254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-61254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We evaluated pregnancy outcomes, maternal and fetal\/neonatal, during the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The TODAY study was a randomized controlled trial comparing three treatment options for youth with type 2 diabetes. Informed consent included the requirement for contraception, including abstinence; this was reinforced at each visit. Following informed consent, self-reported data related to the mother\u2019s prenatal care and delivery and the infant\u2019s health were retrospectively collected. When permitted, maternal medical records and infant birth records were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of the 452 enrolled female participants, 46 (10.2%) had 63 pregnancies. Despite continued emphasis on adequate contraception, only 4.8% of the pregnant participants reported using contraception prior to pregnancy. The mean age at first pregnancy was 18.4 years; the mean diabetes duration was 3.17 years. Seven pregnancies were electively terminated; three pregnancies had no data reported. Of the remaining 53 pregnancies, 5 (9.4%) resulted in early pregnancy loss, and 7 (13%) resulted in loss with inadequate pregnancy duration data. Two pregnancies ended in stillbirth, at 27 and 37 weeks, and 39 ended with a live-born infant. Of the live-born infants, six (15.4%) were preterm and eight (20.5%) had a major congenital anomaly.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite diabetes-specific information recommending birth control and the avoidance of pregnancy, 10% of the study participants became pregnant. Pregnancies in youth with type 2 diabetes may be especially prone to result in congenital anomalies. Reasons for the high rate of congenital anomalies are uncertain, but may include poor metabolic control and extreme obesity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,2]],"date-time":"2015-12-02T04:09:57Z","timestamp":1449029397000},"page":"122-129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Pregnancy Outcomes in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: The TODAY Study Experience"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Georgeanna J.","family":"Klingensmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes and Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristen J.","family":"Nadeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Barbour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin S.","family":"Goland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Willi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil H.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the TODAY Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031221062709600_B1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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