{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T07:44:04Z","timestamp":1791359044125,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":225,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/site\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Center Grant"},{"name":"Novo Nordisk UK Research Foundation Research Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is generally regarded as an irreversible chronic condition. Because a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) can bring about acute return to normal glucose control in some people with T2DM, this study tested the potential durability of this normalization. The underlying mechanisms were defined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with a T2DM duration of 0.5\u201323 years (n = 30) followed a VLCD for 8 weeks. All oral agents or insulins were stopped at baseline. Following a stepped return to isocaloric diet, a structured, individualized program of weight maintenance was provided. Glucose control, insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and hepatic and pancreas fat content were quantified at baseline, after return to isocaloric diet, and after 6 months to permit the primary comparison of change between post\u2013weight loss and 6 months in responders. Responders were defined as achieving fasting blood glucose &amp;lt;7 mmol\/L after return to isocaloric diet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Weight fell (98.0 \u00b1 2.6 to 83.8 \u00b1 2.4 kg) and remained stable over 6 months (84.7 \u00b1 2.5 kg). Twelve of 30 participants achieved fasting plasma glucose &amp;lt;7 mmol\/L after return to isocaloric diet (responders), and 13 of 30 after 6 months. Responders had a shorter duration of diabetes and a higher initial fasting plasma insulin level. HbA1c fell from 7.1 \u00b1 0.3 to 5.8 \u00b1 0.2% (55 \u00b1 4 to 40 \u00b1 2 mmol\/mol) in responders (P &amp;lt; 0.001) and from 8.4 \u00b1 0.3 to 8.0 \u00b1 0.5% (68 \u00b1 3 to 64 \u00b1 5 mmol\/mol) in nonresponders, remaining constant at 6 months (5.9 \u00b1 0.2 and 7.8 \u00b1 0.3% [41 \u00b1 2 and 62 \u00b1 3 mmol\/mol], respectively). The responders were characterized by return of first-phase insulin response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A robust and sustainable weight loss program achieved continuing remission of diabetes for at least 6 months in the 40% who responded to a VLCD by achieving fasting plasma glucose of &amp;lt;7 mmol\/L. T2DM is a potentially reversible condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T00:04:26Z","timestamp":1458605066000},"page":"808-815","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":361,"title":["Very Low-Calorie Diet and 6 Months of Weight Stability in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathophysiological Changes in Responders and Nonresponders"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"39","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"isrctn88634530","registry":"10.18810\/isrctn"}],"author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Steven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieren G.","family":"Hollingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Al-Mrabeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leah","family":"Avery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MoveLab, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Aribisala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Caslake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6273-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roy","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031221143649100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3172","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1036","article-title":"The economic burden of elevated blood glucose levels in 2012: diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, and prediabetes","volume":"37","author":"Dall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031221143649100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414266","article-title":"Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"372","author":"Hayward","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031221143649100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.21.2005","article-title":"Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49)","volume":"281","author":"Turner","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031221143649100_B4"},{"key":"2022031221143649100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-5-917","article-title":"Glycemic effects of intensive caloric restriction and isocaloric refeeding in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"61","author":"Henry","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031221143649100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(90)90299-R","article-title":"response of fasting plasma glucose to diet therapy in newly presenting type II diabetic patients.","volume":"39","author":"UKPDS Group. 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