{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:29:53Z","timestamp":1792891793304,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":200,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/site\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI1100357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI1100357"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI1401686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI1401686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A few small studies have reported increased prevalences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and symptoms of androgen excess in women with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PURPOSE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating androgen excess symptoms and PCOS in women with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA SOURCES<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Entrez-PubMed and Scopus electronic databases were used.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>STUDY SELECTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We selected studies addressing androgen excess signs, symptoms, and disorders in girls, adolescents, and adult women with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA EXTRACTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The main outcome measures were prevalences of PCOS, hyperandrogenemia, hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>DATA SYNTHESIS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nine primary studies involving 475 adolescent or adult women with type 1 diabetes were included. The prevalences of PCOS and associated traits in women with type 1 diabetes were 24% (95% CI 15\u201334) for PCOS, 25% (95% CI 17\u201333) for hyperandrogenemia, 25% (95% CI 16\u201336) for hirsutism, 24% (95% CI 17\u201332) for menstrual dysfunction, and 33% (95% CI 24\u201344) for PCOM. These figures are considerably higher than those reported earlier in the general population without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>LIMITATIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The data collected in the original studies were heterogeneous in age, race, ethnicity, and criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS; yet, we used a quality-effects model in the meta-analyses to overcome this limitation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PCOS and its related traits are frequent findings in women with type 1 diabetes. PCOS may contribute to the subfertility of these women by a mechanism that does not directly depend on glycemic\/metabolic control among other negative consequences for their health. Hence, screening for PCOS and androgen excess should be included in current guidelines for the management of type 1 diabetes in women.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-2577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,30]],"date-time":"2016-06-30T19:21:45Z","timestamp":1467314505000},"page":"639-648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Type 1 Diabetes and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6890-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9ctor F.","family":"Escobar-Morreale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes, Obesity and Human Reproduction Research Group, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, CIBERDEM, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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