{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T08:49:58Z","timestamp":1792226998831,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,22]],"date-time":"2016-11-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the achievement of blood glucose, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, the risk for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains high among patients with type 2 diabetes. This observational retrospective study investigated whether diabetic dyslipidemia\u2014that is, high triglyceride (TG) and\/or low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels\u2014contributes to this high residual risk for DKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among a total of 47,177 patients attending Italian diabetes centers, 15,362 patients with a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \u226560 mL\/min\/1.73 m2, normoalbuminuria, and LDL-C \u2264130 mg\/dL completing a 4-year follow-up were analyzed. The primary outcome was the incidence of DKD, defined as either low eGFR (&amp;lt;60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2) or an eGFR reduction &amp;gt;30% and\/or albuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 12.8% developed low eGFR, 7.6% an eGFR reduction &amp;gt;30%, 23.2% albuminuria, and 4% albuminuria and either eGFR &amp;lt;60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 or an eGFR reduction &amp;gt;30%. TG \u2265150 mg\/dL increased the risk of low eGFR by 26%, of an eGFR reduction &amp;gt;30% by 29%, of albuminuria by 19%, and of developing one abnormality by 35%. HDL-C &amp;lt;40 mg\/dL in men and &amp;lt;50 mg\/dL in women were associated with a 27% higher risk of low eGFR and a 28% risk of an eGFR reduction &amp;gt;30%, with a 24% higher risk of developing albuminuria and a 44% risk of developing one abnormality. These associations remained significant when TG and HDL-C concentrations were examined as continuous variables and were only attenuated by multivariate adjustment for numerous confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a large population of outpatients with diabetes, low HDL-C and high TG levels were independent risk factors for the development of DKD over 4 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T22:48:45Z","timestamp":1475621325000},"page":"2278-2287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Plasma Triglycerides and HDL-C Levels Predict the Development of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: The AMD Annals Initiative"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Giuseppina T.","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"De Cosmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Scientific Institute \u201cCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza,\u201d San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Viazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pacilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Scientific Institute \u201cCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza,\u201d San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Ceriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metab\u00f3licas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Genovese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Guida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associazione Medici Diabetologi, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Giorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes and Metabolism Unit, ASL Turin 5, Chieri, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Cucinotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Pontremoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi and IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Fioretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the AMD-Annals Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031222253703500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S46","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00002939","article-title":"Risk factors for renal failure: the WHO Mulitnational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes","volume":"44","author":"Colhoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.2337\/db05-1620","article-title":"Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74","volume":"55","author":"Retnakaran","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.213","article-title":"Residual microvascular risk in diabetes: unmet needs and future directions","volume":"6","author":"Fioretto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2007.S94","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy","volume":"26","author":"Molitch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91513-6","article-title":"Lipid nephrotoxicity in chronic progressive glomerular and tubulo-interstitial disease","volume":"2","author":"Moorhead","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.07109.x","article-title":"Role of hyperlipidemia in progressive renal disease: focus on diabetic nephropathy","volume":"71","author":"Jandeleit-Dahm","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.8.2328","article-title":"Regulation of renal lipid metabolism, lipid accumulation, and glomerulosclerosis in FVBdb\/db mice with type 2 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18919","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110650200","article-title":"Role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 in regulation of renal lipid metabolism and glomerulosclerosis in diabetes mellitus","volume":"277","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000095323","article-title":"Lipid metabolism and renal disease","volume":"151","author":"Abrass","year":"2006","journal-title":"Contrib Nephrol"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B10","first-page":"S18","article-title":"Modulation of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis by native and modified lipoproteins","volume":"54","author":"Gr\u00f6ne","year":"1996","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00071.x","article-title":"Renal cortical cholesterol accumulation is an integral component of the systemic stress response","volume":"60","author":"Zager","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1993.129","article-title":"Apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors in glomeruli in human kidney diseases","volume":"43","author":"Takemura","year":"1993","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)70171-3","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of lipid injury in the glomerulus","volume":"22","author":"Schlondorff","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B14","first-page":"e105787","article-title":"Cellular cholesterol transport proteins in diabetic nephropathy","volume-title":"PLoS One","author":"Tsun","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0306","article-title":"Low HDL cholesterol and the risk of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy: results of the ADVANCE study","volume":"35","author":"Morton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-1951-1","article-title":"Effects of fenofibrate on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) Study","volume":"54","author":"Davis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164111407783","article-title":"Non-invited review: prevention of microvascular diabetic complications by fenofibrate: lessons from FIELD and ACCORD","volume":"8","author":"Hermans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diab Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.471","article-title":"Prevention of diabetic nephropathy by tight target control in an asian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 4-year prospective analysis","volume":"170","author":"Tu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2007.11.010","article-title":"A longitudinal study of risk factors for incident albuminuria in diabetic American Indians: the Strong Heart Study","volume":"51","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-009-1597-z","article-title":"Lipid and inflammatory biomarkers and kidney function decline in type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002529","article-title":"Association between plasma triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and microvascular kidney disease and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a global case-control study in 13 countries","volume":"129","author":"Sacks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03055.x","article-title":"Four-year impact of a continuous quality improvement effort implemented by a network of diabetes outpatient clinics: the AMD-Annals initiative","volume":"27","author":"Nicolucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gft506","article-title":"Kidney dysfunction and related cardiovascular risk factors among patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"De Cosmo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv101","article-title":"Achievement of therapeutic targets in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease: insights from the Associazione Medici Diabetologi Annals initiative","volume":"30","author":"De Cosmo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.00712.x","article-title":"Development and progression of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 64)","volume":"63","author":"Adler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2005.10.018","article-title":"LpA-I, LpA-I:A-II HDL and CHD-risk: the Framingham Offspring Study and the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial","volume":"188","author":"Asztalos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.011","article-title":"Influence of menopause and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) TaqIB polymorphism on lipid profile and HDL subpopulations distribution in women with and without type 2 diabetes","volume":"210","author":"Russo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B29","first-page":"607924","article-title":"Markers of systemic inflammation and Apo-AI containing HDL subpopulations in women with and without diabetes","volume-title":"Int J Endocrinol","author":"Russo","year":"2014"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-013-0023-z","article-title":"Lipid and non-lipid cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women with and without coronary heart disease","volume":"37","author":"Russo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm631","article-title":"Increased serum advanced glycation end products are associated with impairment in HDL antioxidative capacity in diabetic nephropathy","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs290","article-title":"Role of insulin resistance in kidney dysfunction: insights into the mechanism and epidemiological evidence","volume":"28","author":"De Cosmo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32832f7002","article-title":"Role of altered insulin signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of podocyte malfunction and microalbuminuria","volume":"18","author":"Jauregui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1177","article-title":"High rate of regression from micro-macroalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes treated or not with enalapril: the influence of HDL cholesterol","volume":"34","author":"Salardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.06.002","article-title":"Apolipoprotein-defined lipoproteins and apolipoproteins: associations with abnormal albuminuria in type 1 diabetes in the diabetes control and complications trial\/epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications cohort","volume":"27","author":"Jenkins","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12026","article-title":"Triglyceride-cholesterol imbalance across lipoprotein subclasses predicts diabetic kidney disease and mortality in type 1 diabetes: the FinnDiane Study","volume":"273","author":"M\u00e4kinen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0125512","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125512","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia is independently associated with renal, but not retinal complications in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of the renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian multicenter study","volume":"10","author":"Penno","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr417","article-title":"Gender differences in the association between HDL cholesterol and the progression of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"27","author":"Hanai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0611-8","article-title":"The evolving understanding of the contribution of lipid metabolism to diabetic kidney disease","volume":"15","author":"Stadler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2022031222253703500_B40","first-page":"e0154683","article-title":"Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on diabetic nephropathy progression in patients with diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia","volume-title":"PLoS One","author":"Han","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/39\/12\/2278\/545021\/dc161246.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/39\/12\/2278\/545021\/dc161246.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T19:39:52Z","timestamp":1647113992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/39\/12\/2278\/31807\/Plasma-Triglycerides-and-HDL-C-Levels-Predict-the"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc16-1246","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]}}}