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Participants were 3\u201318 years old at baseline (mean age 10.6 years), and they were followed for 31 years. SES was characterized as reported annual income of the family and classified on an 8-point scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For each 1-unit increase in family SES in childhood, the risk for adult MetS decreased (risk ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.94 [0.90\u20130.98]; P = 0.003) when adjusted for age, sex, childhood cardiometabolic risk factors (lipids, systolic blood pressure, insulin, and BMI), childhood physical activity, and fruit and vegetable consumption. The association remained after adjustment for participants\u2019 own SES in adulthood (0.95 [0.91\u20130.99]; P = 0.005). A similar association was seen between childhood SES and the risk of having either adult IFG or type 2 diabetes (0.96 [0.92\u20130.99]; P = 0.01, age and sex adjusted). This association became nonsignificant after adjustment for childhood risk factors (P = 0.08). Of the individual components of MetS, lower SES in childhood predicted large waist circumference (0.96 [0.93\u20130.99]; P = 0.003) and a high triglycerides concentration (0.96 [0.92\u20131.00]; P = 0.04) after adjustment for the aforementioned risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lower SES in childhood may be associated with an increased risk for MetS, IFG, and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Special attention could be paid to children of low SES families to decrease the prevalence of MetS in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T22:29:56Z","timestamp":1476829796000},"page":"2311-2317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Childhood Socioeconomic Status in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome and Glucose Abnormalities in Adulthood: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Elina","family":"Puolakka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Pahkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomi T.","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costan G.","family":"Magnussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 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