{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:53:21Z","timestamp":1792482801464,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI-42288"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI-42288"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"s","award":["1DP-3DK-101120-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1DP-3DK-101120-01"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008871","name":"JDRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2-2012-280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-2012-280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jeffrey Keene Family Professorship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pancreas in type 1 diabetes exhibits decreased size (weight\/volume) and abnormal exocrine morphology. Serum trypsinogen levels are an established marker of pancreatic exocrine function. As such, we hypothesized that trypsinogen levels may be reduced in patients with pre\u2013type 1 diabetes and type 1 diabetes compared with healthy control subjects.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum trypsinogen levels were determined in 100 persons with type 1 diabetes (72 new-onset, 28 established), 99 autoantibody-positive (AAb+) subjects at varying levels of risk for developing this disease, 87 AAb-negative (AAb\u2212) control subjects, 91 AAb\u2212 relatives with type 1 diabetes, and 18 patients with type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trypsinogen levels increased significantly with age in control subjects (r = 0.71; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and were significantly lower in patients with new-onset (mean \u00b1 SD 14.5 \u00b1 6.1 ng\/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and established type 1 diabetes (16.7 \u00b1 6.9 ng\/mL; P &amp;lt; 0.05) versus AAb\u2212 control subjects (25.3 \u00b1 11.2 ng\/mL), AAb\u2212 relatives (29.3 \u00b1 15.0 ng\/mL), AAb+ subjects (26.5 \u00b1 12.1 ng\/mL), and patients with type 2 diabetes (31.5 \u00b1 17.3 ng\/mL). Multivariate analysis revealed reduced trypsinogen in multiple-AAb+ subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and patients with type 1 diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) compared with AAb\u2212 subjects (control subjects and relatives combined) and single-AAb+ (P &amp;lt; 0.01) subjects when considering age and BMI.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These findings further support the interplay between pancreatic endocrine and exocrine dysfunction. Longitudinal studies are warranted to validate trypsinogen as a predictive biomarker of type 1 diabetes progression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1774","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T02:20:29Z","timestamp":1485224429000},"page":"577-582","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Serum Trypsinogen Levels in Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Xia","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital and the Diabetes Center, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Campbell-Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clive H.","family":"Wasserfall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran","family":"McGrail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Posgai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 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