{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:15:47Z","timestamp":1792606547111,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":49,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009471","name":"EkstraStiftelsen Helse og Rehabilitering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009707","name":"Norwegian Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009707","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In observational studies, low vitamin D levels are associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D), impaired glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. We evaluated the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in subjects with T2D and low vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] &amp;lt;50 nmol\/L).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sixty-two men and women with T2D and vitamin D deficiency participated in a 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received a single dose of 400,000 IU oral vitamin D3 or placebo, and the vitamin D group received an additional 200,000 IU D3 if serum 25(OH)D was &amp;lt;100 nmol\/L after 4 weeks. Primary end points were total Rd by euglycemic clamp with assessment of endogenous glucose production and first-phase insulin secretion by intravenous glucose tolerance test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the vitamin D group, the mean \u00b1 SD baseline serum 25(OH)D of 38.0 \u00b1 12.6 nmol\/L increased to 96.9 \u00b1 18.3 nmol\/L after 4 weeks, 73.2 \u00b1 13.7 nmol\/L after 3 months, and 53.7 \u00b1 9.2 nmol\/L after 6 months. The total exposure to 25(OH)D during 6 months (area under the curve) was 1,870 \u00b1 192 and 1,090 \u00b1 377 nmol\/L per week in the vitamin D and placebo groups, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Insulin sensitivity, endogenous glucose production, and glycemic control did not differ between or within groups after treatment (P = 0.52). First-phase insulin secretion did not change significantly after treatment (P = 0.10).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Replenishment with a large dose of vitamin D3 to patients with T2D and vitamin D deficiency did not change insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion. These findings do not support such use of therapeutic vitamin D3 supplementation to improve glucose homeostasis in patients with T2D.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,4]],"date-time":"2017-05-04T00:30:29Z","timestamp":1493857829000},"page":"872-878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Insulin Sensitivity and Insulin Secretion in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"40","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00992797","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1933-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne L.","family":"Gulseth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilie","family":"Wium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Hormone Laboratory, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Angel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik F.","family":"Eriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e5re I.","family":"Birkeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031219480627600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2704","article-title":"The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know","volume":"96","author":"Ross","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.02.004","article-title":"Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence","volume":"12","author":"Pludowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.2174\/15701611113119990169","article-title":"Vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Gulseth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Vasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2011.118","article-title":"Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Mitri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-5-201003020-00009","article-title":"Systematic review: vitamin D and cardiometabolic outcomes","volume":"152","author":"Pittas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0650","article-title":"Vitamin D, insulin secretion, sensitivity, and lipids: results from a case-control study and a randomized controlled trial using hyperglycemic clamp technique","volume":"60","author":"Grimnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.011684","article-title":"Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on pancreatic \u03b2 cell function, insulin sensitivity, and glycemia in adults at high risk of diabetes: the Calcium and Vitamin D for Diabetes Mellitus (CaDDM) randomized controlled trial","volume":"94","author":"Mitri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1057","article-title":"No effect of high-dose vitamin D treatment on \u03b2-cell function, insulin sensitivity, or glucose homeostasis in subjects with abnormal glucose tolerance: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"39","author":"Wagner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-012-0358-4","article-title":"Role of vitamin D in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Pilz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-009-0020-3","article-title":"Supplementation with cholecalciferol does not improve glycaemic control in diabetic subjects with normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels","volume":"48","author":"Jorde","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.4158\/EP09300.OR","article-title":"Pilot study to evaluate the effect of short-term improvement in vitamin D status on glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Parekh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-0407.2009.00057.x","article-title":"Lack of effect of subtherapeutic vitamin D treatment on glycemic and lipid parameters in type 2 diabetes: a pilot prospective randomized trial","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0391","article-title":"Management of endocrine disease: the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Krul-Poel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7495.843","article-title":"Treatment allocation by minimisation","volume":"330","author":"Altman","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e83983","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083983","article-title":"Characteristics of glucose metabolism in Nordic and South Asian subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Wium","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2014.06.008","article-title":"Effects of 12 weeks high dose vitamin D3 treatment on insulin sensitivity, beta cell function, and metabolic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and vitamin D insufficiency - a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"63","author":"Kampmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4013","article-title":"Vitamin D 20,000 IU per week for five years does not prevent progression from prediabetes to diabetes","volume":"101","author":"Jorde","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2012.01662.x","article-title":"Vitamin D does not improve the metabolic health of patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3-4: a randomized controlled trial [published correction appears in Nephrology (Carlton) 2013;18:481]","volume":"18","author":"Petchey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrology (Carlton)"},{"key":"2022031219480627600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5111","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7075111","article-title":"Factors affecting 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in response to vitamin D supplementation","volume":"7","author":"Mazahery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/care.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/dc16-2302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/40\/7\/872\/548723\/dc162302.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/40\/7\/872\/548723\/dc162302.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T21:31:44Z","timestamp":1647120704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/40\/7\/872\/30123\/Effects-of-Vitamin-D-Supplementation-on-Insulin"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc16-2302","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]]}}}