{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:57:38Z","timestamp":1774072658534,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,21]],"date-time":"2017-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498003200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":42,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nationwide studies on secular trends of diabetes complications are not available in Asia. We examined changes in risk factor control and incidence of complications from diabetes and death in a large longitudinal cohort of Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes in Hong Kong.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012, 338,908 Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes underwent metabolic and complication assessment in 16 diabetes centers operated by Hong Kong Hospital Authority that provided care to a large majority of diagnosed patients. Patients were followed for incident acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and death until 31 December 2012. Risk factor levels between enrollment periods were compared. Incidence of clinical events, stratified by diabetes duration, was examined over time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Incidence of complications from diabetes and death declined over the observation period in patients at varying disease duration. Among the high-risk group with diabetes for at least 15 years, crude incidence of AMI decreased from 8.7 to 5.8, stroke from 13.5 to 10.1, ESRD from 25.8 to 22.5, and death from 29.0 to 26.6 per 1,000 person-year between the periods 2000 to 2002 and 2010 to 2012. Improvements in levels of metabolic risk factors were detected. Proportion of patients achieving HbA1c &amp;lt;7.0% (53 mmol\/mol) was increased from 32.9 to 50.0%, blood pressure \u2264130\/80 mmHg from 24.7 to 30.7%, and LDL cholesterol &amp;lt;2.6 mmol\/L from 25.8 to 38.1%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From this territory-wide Hong Kong Diabetes Database, we observed decreases in incidence of cardiovascular-renal complications and death and corresponding improvements in risk factor control over a 13-year period.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,11]],"date-time":"2017-05-11T12:39:32Z","timestamp":1494506372000},"page":"928-935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Declining Trends of Cardiovascular-Renal Complications and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes: The Hong Kong Diabetes Database"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea O.Y.","family":"Luk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M.T.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chuen","family":"Sin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yip","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing-Sun","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew Y.Y.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hin-Fai","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiu-Ming","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wing-Yee","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Kin","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kin-Sang","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haven of Hope Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kin-Wah","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pang-Fai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shing-Chung","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tung Wah Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sau-Cheung","family":"Tiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent T.F.","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Our Lady of Maryknoll Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana C.N.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank W.K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Authority, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clement","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Authority, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ngai-Tseung","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Authority, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siu-Tung","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen S.L.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda W.L.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Authority, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ip-Tim","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031219513758800_B1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2015","edition":"7th ed."},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.168118","article-title":"Prevalence and control of diabetes in Chinese adults","volume":"310","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60484-9","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies","volume":"375","author":"Sarwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1414266","article-title":"Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"372","author":"Hayward","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706245","article-title":"Effect of a multifactorial intervention on mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Gaede","year":"2008","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310799","article-title":"Changes in diabetes-related complications in the United States, 1990-2010","volume":"370","author":"Gregg","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1162","article-title":"Trends in death rates among U.S. adults with and without diabetes between 1997 and 2006: findings from the National Health Interview Survey","volume":"35","author":"Gregg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.01.06.dc05-0776","article-title":"Recent trends in cardiovascular complications among men and women with and without diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Booth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-7-32","article-title":"Improved survival in both men and women with diabetes between 1980 and 2004--a cohort study in Sweden","volume":"7","author":"Eliasson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00002","article-title":"A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation","volume":"130","author":"Levey","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategy","volume":"363","author":"WHO Expert Consultation","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2579","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0096","article-title":"Mortality trends among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Australia: 1997-2010","volume":"37","author":"Harding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0680","article-title":"Mortality trends in subjects with and without diabetes during 33 years of follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Jansson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2012.11.018","article-title":"Trends of ABC control 2006-2011: a National Survey of Diabetes Health Promotion Institutes in Taiwan","volume":"99","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1759","article-title":"Quality of care of people with type 2 diabetes in eight European countries: findings from the Guideline Adherence to Enhance Care (GUIDANCE) study","volume":"36","author":"Stone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1213829","article-title":"Achievement of goals in U.S. diabetes care, 1999-2010","volume":"368","author":"Ali","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031219513758800_B18","unstructured":"Hospital Authority. Appendix B: Hong Kong\u2019s current healthcare system. Available from http:\/\/www.fhb.gov.hk\/beStrong\/files\/consultation\/appendixb_eng.pdf. Accessed 2 March 2017"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/40\/7\/928\/549061\/dc162354.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/40\/7\/928\/549061\/dc162354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T21:36:01Z","timestamp":1647120961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/40\/7\/928\/30205\/Declining-Trends-of-Cardiovascular-Renal"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc16-2354","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,10]]}}}