{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:30:04Z","timestamp":1791851404276,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,22]],"date-time":"2017-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1UC4DK108173-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1UC4DK108173-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the prevalence of and risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) was used to assess DPN in 1,734 youth with T1D (mean \u00b1 SD age 18 \u00b1 4 years, T1D duration 7.2 \u00b1 1.2 years, and HbA1c 9.1 \u00b1 1.9%) and 258 youth with T2D (age 22 \u00b1 3.5 years, T2D duration 7.9 \u00b1 2 years, and HbA1c 9.4 \u00b1 2.3%) who were enrolled in the SEARCH study and had \u22655 years of diabetes duration. DPN was defined as an MNSI exam score of &amp;gt;2. Glycemic control over time was estimated as area under the curve for HbA1c.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of DPN was 7% in youth with T1D and 22% in youth with T2D. Risk factors for DPN in youth with T1D were older age, longer diabetes duration, smoking, increased diastolic blood pressure, obesity, increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower HDL cholesterol (HDL-c). In youth with T2D, risk factors were older age, male sex, longer diabetes duration, smoking, and lower HDL-c. Glycemic control over time was worse among those with DPN compared with those without for youth with T1D (odds ratio 1.53 [95% CI 1.24; 1.88]) but not for youth with T2D (1.05 [0.7; 1.56]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high rates of DPN among youth with diabetes are a cause of concern and suggest a need for early screening and better risk factor management. Interventions in youth that address poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia may prevent or delay debilitating neuropathic complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]],"date-time":"2017-07-03T20:30:29Z","timestamp":1499113829000},"page":"1226-1232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":251,"title":["Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Mamta","family":"Jaiswal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Divers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Isom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronny A.","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Pettitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Barbara, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Saydah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Pihoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debra A.","family":"Standiford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence M.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santica","family":"Marcovina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwest Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes Research Laboratories, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Linder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela D.","family":"Liese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center for Research in Nutrition and Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodica","family":"Pop-Busui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva L.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031301410619100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.3201","article-title":"Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009","volume":"311","author":"Dabelea","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B2","first-page":"136","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: a position statement by the American Diabetes Association","volume-title":"Diabetes Care","author":"Pop-Busui","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-8994(98)00141-6","article-title":"Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"20","author":"Bao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.2006.19.1.45","article-title":"Early diabetic complications in a population of young patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus despite intensive treatment","volume":"19","author":"Nordwall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03685.x","article-title":"Childhood diabetic neuropathy: functional impairment and non-invasive screening assessment","volume":"29","author":"Blankenburg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2005.11.002","article-title":"Bedside neuropathy disability score compared to quantitative sensory testing for measurement of diabetic neuropathy in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"21","author":"Weintrob","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.1999.00024.x","article-title":"Metabolic control and prevalence of microvascular complications in young Danish patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"16","author":"Olsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.2337\/dc05-2470","article-title":"Prevalence of diabetes complications in adolescents with type 2 compared with type 1 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Eppens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3903","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-1213","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy in adolescents and young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth follow-up cohort: a pilot study","volume":"36","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.0686","article-title":"Association of type 1 diabetes vs type 2 diabetes diagnosed during childhood and adolescence with complications during teenage years and young adulthood","volume":"317","author":"Dabelea","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/46.11.1762","article-title":"A reference method laboratory network for cholesterol: a model for standardization and improvement of clinical laboratory measurements","volume":"46","author":"Myers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0574","article-title":"The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study: rationale, findings, and future directions","volume":"37","author":"Hamman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2324","article-title":"Etiological approach to characterization of diabetes type: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study","volume":"34","author":"Dabelea","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.11.1281","article-title":"A practical two-step quantitative clinical and electrophysiological assessment for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"17","author":"Feldman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03644.x","article-title":"Use of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument as a measure of distal symmetrical peripheral neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: results from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications","volume":"29","author":"Herman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(94)70190-3","article-title":"Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial","volume":"125","author":"Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","volume":"352","author":"UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1007\/s001250100001","article-title":"Vascular factors and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"44","author":"Cameron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B19","first-page":"CD007543","article-title":"Enhanced glucose control for preventing and treating diabetic neuropathy","volume":"6","author":"Callaghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e328357a797","article-title":"Diabetic neuropathy: one disease or two","volume":"25","author":"Callaghan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.04.065","article-title":"Lipid abnormalities are prevalent in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study","volume":"149","author":"Kershnar","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.2337\/dc06-0310","article-title":"Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in U.S. children and adolescents with diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study","volume":"29","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.2.159","article-title":"Serum lipids and glucose control: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study","volume":"161","author":"Petitti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032782","article-title":"Vascular risk factors and diabetic neuropathy","volume":"352","author":"Tesfaye","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.38.11.1456","article-title":"Epidemiological correlates of diabetic neuropathy. Report from Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study","volume":"38","author":"Maser","year":"1989","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000146094.59640.13","article-title":"Antiinflammatory properties of HDL","volume":"95","author":"Barter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.12.008","article-title":"Reconstituted high-density lipoprotein increases plasma high-density lipoprotein anti-inflammatory properties and cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"53","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B28"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23986","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy: therapeutic challenges and opportunities","volume":"74","author":"Callaghan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-015-3354-y","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Clair","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031301410619100_B31"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/care.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/dc17-0179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/40\/9\/1226\/549112\/dc170179.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/40\/9\/1226\/549112\/dc170179.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T00:38:23Z","timestamp":1647131903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/40\/9\/1226\/36722\/Prevalence-of-and-Risk-Factors-for-Diabetic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc17-0179","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,3]]}}}