{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T02:19:13Z","timestamp":1771294753217,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008664","name":"JDRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JDRF 1-2001-844"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JDRF 1-2001-844"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["M01-RR-1070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01-RR-1070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["M01-RR-14467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01-RR-14467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was conducted to determine the utility of tubular (urinary\/plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL] and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]) and glomerular (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) biomarkers in predicting preeclampsia (PE) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) who were free of microalbuminuria and hypertension at the first trimester.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a prospective study of T1DM pregnancy. Maternal urinary and plasma NGAL, urinary KIM-1 (ELISA of frozen samples), and eGFR (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation) were determined at three study visits (V1: 12.4 \u00b1 1.8; V2: 21.7 \u00b1 1.4; V3: 31.4 \u00b1 1.5 weeks\u2019 gestation [mean \u00b1 SD]) in 23 women with T1DM with subsequent PE (DM+PE+), 24 who remained normotensive (DM+PE\u2212), and, for reference, in 19 normotensive pregnant women without diabetes (DM\u2212). The groups with diabetes were matched for age, diabetes duration, and parity. All subjects were normotensive and free of microalbuminuria or albuminuria at V1. All study visits preceded the onset of PE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urinary creatinine-corrected NGAL (uNGALcc, ng\/mg) was significantly elevated at V1 in DM+PE+ vs. DM+PE\u2212 women (P = 0.01); this remained significant after exclusion of leukocyte-positive samples (5 DM+PE+ and 2 DM+PE\u2212) (P = 0.02). Accounting for BMI, HbA1c, and total daily insulin dose, a doubling of uNGALcc at V1 conferred a sevenfold increase in risk for PE (P = 0.026). In contrast, neither plasma NGAL nor urinary KIM-1 predicted PE. Also at V1, eGFR was elevated in DM+PE+ vs. DM+PE\u2212 (P = 0.04).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early tubular and glomerular dysfunction may predict PE in first trimester women with T1DM, even if free of microalbuminuria. These data suggest that subclinical renal tubular and glomerular injury, if present early in pregnancy, may predispose women with T1DM to PE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,10]],"date-time":"2017-11-10T01:25:37Z","timestamp":1510277137000},"page":"120-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Subclinical First Trimester Renal Abnormalities Are Associated With Preeclampsia in Normoalbuminuric Women With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Clare B.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K."},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle B.","family":"Hookham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K."},{"name":"The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy Y.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K."},{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alicia J.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"},{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison J.","family":"Nankervis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Service, The Royal Women\u2019s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian F.","family":"Hanssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satish K.","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Scardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spartanburg Regional Medical Center, Spartanburg, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samar M.","family":"Hammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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