{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:53:43Z","timestamp":1790258023850,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006447","name":"University of Zurich","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine the effect of different feeding routes on appetite and metabolic responses after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A standard liquid meal was administered either orally, into the gastric remnant, or intraduodenally 6 months after RYGB. Changes in plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), peptide YY (PYY), and appetite were measured pre- and postprandially.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postprandial GLP-1 and PYY responses were similar, whereas glucose, insulin, and GIP levels differed markedly after oral versus intraduodenal feeding. Intraduodenal feeding prompted an intermediate appetite response (i.e., between oral and intragastric). For postprandial glucose, insulin, and GIP levels, the intraduodenal route was more similar to the intragastric than the oral route. Intragastric administration did not evoke changes in appetite, glucose, or insulin; however, it slightly increased GLP-1 and PYY and moderately increased GIP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Appetite and metabolic responses after RYGB depend on the route by which nutrients enter the gastrointestinal tract.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T12:55:09Z","timestamp":1523364909000},"page":"1295-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Appetite, Glycemia, and Entero-Insular Hormone Responses Differ Between Oral, Gastric-Remnant, and Duodenal Administration of a Mixed-Meal Test After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2941-9801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Gero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Steinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Hosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1391-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Bueter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031301163433800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0642-5","article-title":"Role of the gut on glucose homeostasis: lesson learned from metabolic surgery","volume":"19","author":"Kamvissi-Lorenz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.0020","article-title":"Unveiling the \u201cmagic\u201d of diabetes remission after weight-loss surgery","volume":"317","author":"Abbasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2014","article-title":"Ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY(3-36): secretory controls and physiological roles in eating and glycemia in health, obesity, and after RYGB","volume":"97","author":"Steinert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-0145","article-title":"Mechanisms of diabetes improvement following bariatric\/metabolic Surgery","volume":"39","author":"Batterham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-016-4952-4","article-title":"Surgical cure for type 2 diabetes by foregut or hindgut operations: a myth or reality? A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Goh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000224726.61448.1b","article-title":"The mechanism of diabetes control after gastrointestinal bypass surgery reveals a role of the proximal small intestine in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes","volume":"244","author":"Rubino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-008-9696-3","article-title":"Do incretins play a role in the remission of type 2 diabetes after gastric bypass surgery: what are the evidence","volume":"19","author":"Bose","year":"2009","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2012.01.021","article-title":"Effect of bypassing the proximal gut on gut hormones involved with glycemic control and weight loss","volume":"8","author":"Pournaras","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1374","article-title":"Postprandial diabetic glucose tolerance is normalized by gastric bypass feeding as opposed to gastric feeding and is associated with exaggerated GLP-1 secretion: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Dirksen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1628","article-title":"Reversible hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after gastric bypass: a consequence of altered nutrient delivery","volume":"95","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G795","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00019.2011","article-title":"Role of the foregut in the early improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery","volume":"300","author":"Hansen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E856","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3996","article-title":"Effects of ingestion routes on hormonal and metabolic profiles in gastric-bypassed humans","volume":"98","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2011.03496.x","article-title":"Effects of variations in duodenal glucose load on glycaemic, insulin, and incretin responses in type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yasu.2017.03.003","article-title":"Sleeve gastrectomy and diabetes: is cure possible","volume":"51","author":"Andalib","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Surg"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2556-7","article-title":"Mechanisms of improved glycaemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass","volume":"55","author":"Dirksen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI30227","article-title":"Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake","volume":"117","author":"Cummings","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031301163433800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2745","article-title":"Jejunal nutrient sensing is required for duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery to rapidly lower glucose concentrations in uncontrolled diabetes","volume":"18","author":"Breen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/care.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/dc17-2515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/41\/6\/1295\/553277\/dc172515.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/41\/6\/1295\/553277\/dc172515.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T04:59:40Z","timestamp":1647147580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/41\/6\/1295\/36471\/Appetite-Glycemia-and-Entero-Insular-Hormone"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc17-2515","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]]}}}