{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T14:33:00Z","timestamp":1776954780323,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,20]],"date-time":"2018-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":56,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of this study of adults with type 1 diabetes was to analyze patterns of diabetes self-management behaviors and predictors of glycemic control across the adult life span.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of data of 7,153 adults enrolled in the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry who were divided into four developmental stages (emerging, young, middle-aged, and older adults). Data were collected by questionnaire and medical record review at enrollment. Statistical analyses compared sociodemographic, clinical, and diabetes-related factors across groups. Logistic regressions were conducted for each group to identify factors associated with hemoglobin A1c \u22657%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The sample was divided according to adult developmental stage: emerging adults, age 18 to &amp;lt;25 years (n = 2,478 [35%]); young adults, age 25 to &amp;lt;45 years (n = 2,274 [32%]); middle-aged adults, age 45 to &amp;lt;65 years (n = 1,868 [26%]); and older adults, age \u226565 years (n = 533 [7%]). Emerging adults had the highest mean hemoglobin A1c level (8.4 \u00b1 1.7% [68 mmol\/mol]), whereas older adults had the lowest level (7.3 \u00b1 0.97% [56 mmol\/mol]; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Emerging adults were less likely to use an insulin pump (56%) or a continuous glucose monitor (7%) but were more likely to miss at least one insulin dose per day (3%) and to have had an episode of diabetic ketoacidosis in the past year (7%) (all P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Different factors were associated with hemoglobin A1c \u22657% in each age-group, but two factors were noted across several groups: the frequency of blood glucose checks and missed insulin doses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>When discussing diabetes self-management, providers may consider a patient\u2019s developmental stage, with its competing demands (such as work and family), psychosocial adjustments, and the potential burden of comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-2597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]],"date-time":"2018-05-25T13:57:00Z","timestamp":1527256620000},"page":"1608-1614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management From Emerging Adulthood Through Older Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1373-0518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret M.","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale School of Nursing, Orange, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031300585275200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-S001","article-title":"Introduction","volume":"40","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031300585275200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.025961","article-title":"Range of risk factor levels: control, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"135","author":"Rawshani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031300585275200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.5.469","article-title":"Emerging adulthood. 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