{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T17:08:48Z","timestamp":1792084128516,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01-HL-120960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01-HL-120960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed whether changes in metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity during the treatment of prediabetes are associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for 2,476 adults in 1996\u20131999 with prediabetes randomized to receive treatment with lifestyle modification, metformin, or placebo for 2\u20133 years and followed through 2014 for T2DM and CVD outcomes. We calculated effect sizes from baseline in a MetS severity z score (MetS-Z) and the individual MetS components, and assessed relationships between 1-year effect size and incident T2DM and CVD using hazard ratios (HRs) and mediation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline MetS-Z and its components were associated with risk of incident T2DM and CVD. During year 1 of intervention, MetS-Z and its components decreased most with lifestyle modification, followed by treatment with metformin and placebo. Risk of T2DM within 1\u20135 years was most strongly associated with 1-year changes in MetS-Z and waist circumference (both HRs for a 1 SD increase = 1.80), whereas the risk of CVD was associated with a 1-year change in MetS-Z, glucose, and systolic blood pressure. In mediation analyses, the effect of lifestyle modification on T2DM risk was mediated by 1-year changes in MetS-Z, waist circumference, glucose, and triglycerides, whereas the effect of metformin was mediated by MetS-Z and glucose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Changes in these risk indicators of MetS severity during intervention in the DPP reflect altered disease risk and may help in tracking earlier responses to treatment and in motivating patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T14:05:18Z","timestamp":1538402718000},"page":"2421-2430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Use of a Metabolic Syndrome Severity\n                    <i>Z<\/i>\n                    Score to Track Risk During Treatment of Prediabetes: An Analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Program"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"41","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00004992","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00004992","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00038727","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1462-591X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"DeBoer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Filipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Gurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031301203674900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142017 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031301203674900_B2","volume-title":"National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2017"},{"key":"2022031301203674900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-S005","article-title":"5. 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