{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:05:20Z","timestamp":1790737520939,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008664","name":"JDRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3-SRA-2015-102-M-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3-SRA-2015-102-M-B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007206","name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UL1-TR-000445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1-TR-000445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007206","name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["KL2-TR-000447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2-TR-000447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007206","name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TR-002243"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR-002243"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007206","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-085465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-085465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JDRF Career Development Award"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK-94199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-94199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center","award":["DK-20593"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-20593"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-085465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-085465"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the temporal dynamics of pancreas volume and microstructure in children and adolescents with recent-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) and individuals without diabetes, including a subset expressing autoantibodies associated with the early stages of T1D.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI was performed in individuals with recent-onset stage 3 T1D (n = 51; median age 13 years) within 100 days after diagnosis (mean 67 days), 6 months, and 1 year postdiagnosis. Longitudinal MRI measurements were also made in similarly aged control participants (n = 57) and in autoantibody-positive individuals without diabetes (n = 20). The MRI protocol consisted of anatomical imaging to determine pancreas volume and quantitative MRI protocols interrogating tissue microstructure and composition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within 100 days of diabetes onset, individuals with T1D had a smaller pancreas (median volume 28.6 mL) than control participants (median volume 48.4 mL; P &amp;lt; 0.001), including when normalized by individual weight (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Longitudinal measurements of pancreas volume increased in control participants over the year, consistent with adolescent growth, but pancreas volume declined over the first year after T1D diagnosis (P &amp;lt; 0.001). In multiple autoantibody\u2013positive individuals, the pancreas volume was significantly larger than that of the T1D cohort (P = 0.017) but smaller than that of the control cohort (P = 0.04). Diffusion-weighted MRI showed that individuals with recent-onset T1D had a higher apparent diffusion coefficient (P = 0.012), suggesting a loss of cellular structural integrity, with heterogeneous pancreatic distribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results indicate that pancreas volume is decreased in stages 1, 2, and 3 of T1D and decreases during the first year after diabetes onset and that this loss of pancreatic volume is accompanied by microstructural changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1507","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T20:10:25Z","timestamp":1544818225000},"page":"248-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Pancreas Volume Declines During the First Year After Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes and Exhibits Altered Diffusion at Disease Onset"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"42","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03585153","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"},{"clinical-trial-number":"nct03585153","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov","type":"results"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3413-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Virostko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hilmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Bowman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan J.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakmook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"},{"name":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1941-5786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alvin C.","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN"},{"name":"VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6889-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031221293191800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.11.1504","article-title":"Size of the pancreas in type I diabetic children and adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Chiarelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.291.6504.1240","article-title":"Size of pancreas in diabetes mellitus: a study based on ultrasound","volume":"291","author":"Fonseca","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.14.10.619","article-title":"Pathologic anatomy of the pancreas in juvenile diabetes mellitus","volume":"14","author":"Gepts","year":"1965","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44339","article-title":"Noninvasive imaging of pancreatic islet inflammation in type 1A diabetes patients","volume":"121","author":"Gaglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2109","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1815","article-title":"Pancreatic volume is reduced in adult patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes","volume":"97","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1419","article-title":"Staging presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association","volume":"38","author":"Insel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.15008","article-title":"Pancreas organ weight in individuals with disease-associated autoantibodies at risk for type 1 diabetes","volume":"308","author":"Campbell-Thompson","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3752-z","article-title":"The influence of type 1 diabetes on pancreatic weight","volume":"59","author":"Campbell-Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0180911","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180911","article-title":"Pancreatic size and fat content in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of imaging studies","volume":"12","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s005920170012","article-title":"Pancreatic volume in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"38","author":"Goda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0158825","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158825","article-title":"Use of the electronic medical record to assess pancreas size in type 1 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Virostko","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13115","article-title":"Pancreas volume and fat fraction in children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"33","author":"Regnell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20543","article-title":"Pancreas volumes in humans from birth to age one hundred taking into account sex, obesity, and presence of type-2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Saisho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-003-0139-2","article-title":"Normal organ volume assessment from abdominal CT","volume":"29","author":"Geraghty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Abdom Imaging"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.21508","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas: usefulness in characterizing solid pancreatic masses","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2008.05.002","article-title":"Diffusion-weighted MRI of the pancreas: correlation with secretin endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT)","volume":"15","author":"Balci","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-012-0355-2","article-title":"Magnetization transfer for the assessment of bowel fibrosis in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease: initial experience","volume":"26","author":"Pazahr","year":"2013","journal-title":"MAGMA"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-016-0917-2","article-title":"Detection of exocrine dysfunction by MRI in patients with early chronic pancreatitis","volume":"42","author":"Tirkes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Abdom Radiol (NY)"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60591-7","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Atkinson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00464.x","article-title":"The TrialNet Natural History Study of the Development of Type 1 Diabetes: objectives, design, and initial results","volume":"10","author":"Mahon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55991","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055991","article-title":"Measurement of pancreatic volume by abdominal MRI: a validation study","volume":"8","author":"Szczepaniak","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2016.04.013","article-title":"Phase I trial of vorinostat added to chemoradiation with capecitabine in pancreatic cancer","volume":"119","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.6.1.3685481","article-title":"Multiple spin echo magnetic resonance imaging of the brain","volume":"6","author":"Harms","year":"1986","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.683","article-title":"Magnetization transfer in MRI: a review","volume":"14","author":"Henkelman","year":"2001","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.5.1059","article-title":"Guidelines for intervention trials in subjects with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes","volume":"52","author":"Greenbaum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)--a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","article-title":"Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology","volume":"6","author":"Cicchetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6491","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006491","article-title":"Does the pancreatic volume reduction rate using serial computed tomographic volumetry predict new onset diabetes after pancreaticoduodenectomy","volume":"96","author":"Yun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424993112","article-title":"Noninvasive mapping of pancreatic inflammation in recent-onset type-1 diabetes patients","volume":"112","author":"Gaglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1040","article-title":"Prediction of type 1 diabetes in the general population","volume":"33","author":"Knip","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0096(199810)26:8<391::AID-JCU3>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Size of pancreas in children and adolescents with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Altobelli","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198904063201401","article-title":"A comparison of childhood and adult type I diabetes mellitus","volume":"320","author":"Karjalainen","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0534-9","article-title":"Beta-cell destruction and preservation in childhood and adult onset type 1 diabetes","volume":"49","author":"Poudel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30158-8","article-title":"Gadolinium deposition in the brain: summary of evidence and recommendations","volume":"16","author":"Gulani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B35","first-page":"105742V","article-title":"Fully convolutional neural networks improve abdominal organ segmentation","volume-title":"Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng","author":"Bobo","year":"2018"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.4421","article-title":"State-of-the-art pancreatic MRI","volume":"195","author":"Sandrasegaran","year":"2010","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.22.2.158","article-title":"The pancreas as a single organ: the influence of the endocrine upon the exocrine part of the gland","volume":"22","author":"Henderson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2022031221293191800_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(93)90035-M","article-title":"Relationships among residual beta cells, exocrine pancreas, and islet cell antibodies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"42","author":"Nakanishi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/care.diabetesjournals.org\/syndication\/doi\/10.2337\/dc18-1507","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/42\/2\/248\/527308\/dc181507.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/42\/2\/248\/527308\/dc181507.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T18:44:21Z","timestamp":1647110661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/42\/2\/248\/30379\/Pancreas-Volume-Declines-During-the-First-Year"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc18-1507","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.734639197.793556072","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]]}}}