{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T01:51:47Z","timestamp":1782611507005,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study compared bone health in youth with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease (CD) versus type 1 diabetes alone.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a case-control study of 42 youth with coexisting type 1 diabetes and CD and 40 with type 1 diabetes matched for age, sex, diabetes duration, and HbA1c. Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and BMC-to-lean tissue mass (LTM) ratio were measured using DXA and reported as z-scores for height. Total, trabecular, and cortical bone and muscle parameters were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and reported as z-scores for age.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean age at assessment was 14.3 \u00b1 3.1 years; diabetes duration, 8.0 \u00b1 3.5 years; HbA1c, 8.2 \u00b1 1.5% (66 \u00b1 5 mmol\/mol); and 25-hydroxy vitamin D, 71 \u00b1 21 nmol\/L. Comparing youth with coexisting CD versus type 1 diabetes alone, DXA showed lower BMC-to-LTM ratio (0.37 \u00b1 1.12 vs. 0.73 \u00b1 2.23, P = 0.007) but no difference in total BMD. Youth with coexisting CD also had lower BMC-to-LTM ratio versus the general population (P = 0.04). Radial pQCT showed lower total BMC (\u22120.92 \u00b1 1.40 vs. \u22120.26 \u00b1 1.23, P = 0.03) despite similar bone and muscle cross-sectional area. In multivariable linear regression, lower BMC was associated with higher insulin dose (P = 0.03) but not HbA1c.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Youth with both type 1 diabetes and CD have lower BMC relative to LTM and lower BMC, indicating abnormal trabecular and cortical bone development despite similar bone and muscle size. These findings suggest that the two conditions confer a lower bone turnover state. We recommend further examination of bone health in this population; future research should examine early interventions to improve bone health.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-2376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,5]],"date-time":"2019-06-05T08:05:26Z","timestamp":1559721926000},"page":"1489-1495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Abnormal Cortical and Trabecular Bone in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes and Celiac Disease"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Pham-Short","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim C.","family":"Donaghue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Ambler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Briody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Garnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig F.","family":"Munns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6004-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria E.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"School of Women\u2019s and Child\u2019s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031300185221000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13488","article-title":"Increased prevalence of fracture and hypoglycaemia in young adults with concomitant type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease","volume":"88","author":"Thong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"2022031300185221000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E735","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00159.2005","article-title":"Is insulin an anabolic agent in bone? 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