{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:19:59Z","timestamp":1777983599570,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is common in patients with diabetes, and statins remain the first-line therapy. However, the proportion of patients with diabetes having elevated triglycerides (TGs) on statin treatment and their atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk has not been described. We quantified the prevalence of HTG in U.S. adults with diabetes currently treated versus not treated with statins and the estimated 10-year ASCVD risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 1,448 U.S. adults aged 20 years and over with diabetes (projected to 24.4 million) in the 2007\u20132014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we compared the prevalence of borderline HTG (TG 150\u2013199 mg\/dL) and HTG (TG \u2265200 mg\/dL) by statin use and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and we used logistic regression to identify risk factors for HTG. We also estimated the 10-year ASCVD risk in those without prior ASCVD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of borderline HTG and HTG was 20.0% and 19.5%, respectively, in statin users and 20.1% and 25.3%, respectively, in nonstatin users (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Even among statin users with LDL-C &amp;lt;70 mg\/dL, borderline HTG prevalence was 16.8% and HTG prevalence was 16.7%. Approximately 77.5% of those with HTG had an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk of \u22657.5%, with almost 40% of statin users having ASCVD risk \u226520%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Residual HTG occurs in over one-fifth (\u223c5.5 million) of U.S. adults with diabetes, including those on statin therapy and with well-controlled LDL-C. Over three-quarters of adults with diabetes with HTG are at moderate or high 10-year risk for ASCVD. Greater efforts are needed to promote lifestyle and pharmacologic means to address residual HTG.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T00:35:30Z","timestamp":1569976530000},"page":"2307-2314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Residual Hypertriglyceridemia and Estimated Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk by Statin Use in U.S. Adults With Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007\u20132014"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sephy","family":"Philip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bedminster, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Granowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Amarin Pharma, Inc., Bedminster, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter P.","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Cardiology, CGH Medical Center, Sterling, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan D.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031300522923600_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.11.008","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia in statin-treated US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B2","volume-title":"Trends in Elevated Triglyceride in Adults: United States, 2001\u20132012","author":"Carroll","year":"2015"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3525-8","article-title":"Pathophysiology of diabetic dyslipidaemia: where are we","volume":"58","author":"Verg\u00e8s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.08.041","article-title":"Relation of the \u201chypertriglyceridemic waist\u201d phenotype to earlier manifestations of coronary artery disease in patients with glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"99","author":"St-Pierre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2005.03.032","article-title":"Prevalence and control of dyslipidemia among persons with diabetes in the United States","volume":"70","author":"Jacobs","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318796989","article-title":"Serum triglycerides predict first cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia and retinopathy","volume":"25","author":"Tada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.637793","article-title":"Triglycerides and the risk of coronary heart disease: 10,158 incident cases among 262,525 participants in 29 Western prospective studies","volume":"115","author":"Sarwar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13537","article-title":"Increased residual cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes and high versus normal triglycerides despite statin-controlled LDL cholesterol","volume":"21","author":"Nichols","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.05.002","article-title":"Managing the residual cardiovascular disease risk associated with HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in statin-treated patients: a clinical update","volume":"23","author":"Reiner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.22.2597","article-title":"Diabetes, plasma insulin, and cardiovascular disease: subgroup analysis from the Department of Veterans Affairs high-density lipoprotein intervention trial (VA-HIT)","volume":"162","author":"Rubins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.565135","article-title":"Low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein particle subclasses predict coronary events and are favorably changed by gemfibrozil therapy in the Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Intervention Trial","volume":"113","author":"Otvos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B12","first-page":"e1082","article-title":"2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines [published correction appears in Circulation 2019;139:e1182\u2013e1186]","volume":"139","author":"Grundy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B13","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\n          . National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Laboratory Procedures Manual [Internet]. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2007. Available from https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhanes\/2007-2008\/manuals\/manual_lab.pdf. Accessed 20 February 2019"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.07.007","article-title":"National Lipid Association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1 - executive summary","volume":"8","author":"Jacobson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4158\/EP171764.APPGL","article-title":"American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease","volume":"23","author":"Jellinger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B17","first-page":"2292","article-title":"Triglycerides and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume-title":"Circulation","author":"Miller","year":"2011"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005757","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia patterns","volume":"129","author":"Frank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.12.018","article-title":"Ethnic differences in the ability of triglyceride levels to identify insulin resistance","volume":"196","author":"Sumner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2011.0108","article-title":"The triglyceride paradox in people of African descent","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S103","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S010","article-title":"10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142019","volume":"42","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B22","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Effects of combination lipid therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus [published correction appears in N Engl J Med 2010;362:1748]","volume":"362","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.023","article-title":"Relationship of lipoproteins to cardiovascular events: the AIM-HIGH Trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL\/High Triglycerides and Impact on Global Health Outcomes)","volume":"62","author":"Guyton","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812792","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"380","author":"Bhatt","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23055","article-title":"Assessment of omega-3 carboxylic acids in statin-treated patients with high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: rationale and design of the STRENGTH trial","volume":"41","author":"Nicholls","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1136-3","article-title":"Triglycerides: emerging targets in diabetes care? Review of moderate hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Alexopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B27","unstructured":"Living Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\n          . Available from http:\/\/care.diabetesjournals.org\/living-standards. Accessed 6 June 2019"},{"key":"2022031300522923600_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1997.0190","article-title":"Validity of self-reported hypertension in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988-1991","volume":"26","author":"Vargas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prev Med"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/42\/12\/2307\/528425\/dc190501.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/42\/12\/2307\/528425\/dc190501.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,13]],"date-time":"2022-03-13T04:22:20Z","timestamp":1647145340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/42\/12\/2307\/36232\/Residual-Hypertriglyceridemia-and-Estimated"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc19-0501","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}}}