{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T07:15:27Z","timestamp":1790061327296,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Team Novo Nordisk"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate factors related to glycemic management among members of a professional cycling team with type 1 diabetes over a 7-day Union Cycliste Internationale World Tour stage race.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An observational evaluation of possible factors related to glycemic management and performance in six male professional cyclists with type 1 diabetes (HbA1c 6.4 \u00b1 0.6%) during the 2019 Tour of California.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In-ride time spent in euglycemia (3.9\u201310.0 mmol\/L glucose) was 63 \u00b1 11%, with a low percentage of time spent in level 1 (3.0\u20133.9 mmol\/L; 0 \u00b1 1% of time) and level 2 (&amp;lt;3.0 mmol\/L; 0 \u00b1 0% of time) hypoglycemia over the 7-day race. Riders spent 25 \u00b1 9% of time in level 1 (10.1\u201313.9 mmol\/L) and 11 \u00b1 9% in level 2 (&amp;gt;13.9 mmol\/L) hyperglycemia during races. Bolus insulin use was uncommon during races, despite high carbohydrate intake (76 \u00b1 23 g \u22c5 h\u22121). Overnight, the riders spent progressively more time in hypoglycemia from day 1 (6 \u00b1 12% in level 1 and 0 \u00b1 0% in level 2) to day 7 (12 \u00b1 12% in level 1 and 2 \u00b1 4% in level 2) (\u03c72[1] &amp;gt; 4.78, P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Professional cyclists with type 1 diabetes have excellent in-race glycemia, but significant hypoglycemia during recovery overnight, throughout a 7-day stage race.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,16]],"date-time":"2020-03-16T16:44:28Z","timestamp":1584377068000},"page":"1142-1145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Evaluation of Factors Related to Glycemic Management in Professional Cyclists With Type 1 Diabetes Over a 7-Day Stage Race"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2342-9865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam N.","family":"Scott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"},{"name":"Team Novo Nordisk Professional Cycling Team, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark P.","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diablo Clinical Research, Walnut Creek, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico Y.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team Novo Nordisk Professional Cycling Team, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1691-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Stettler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Bracken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Sport, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM), Swansea University, Swansea, U.K."},{"name":"Diabetes Research Group, Swansea University School of Medicine, Swansea, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Team Novo Nordisk Professional Cycling Team, Atlanta, 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