{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T14:22:10Z","timestamp":1772893330079,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608508800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the relationship between type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality among adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the critical care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study in people admitted to hospital in England with COVID-19 requiring admission to a high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) between 1 March 2020 and 27 July 2020. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality associated with type 2 diabetes, with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, and other major comorbidities (chronic respiratory disease, asthma, chronic heart disease, hypertension, immunosuppression, chronic neurological disease, chronic renal disease, and chronic liver disease).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 19,256 COVID-19\u2013related HDU and ICU admissions were included in the primary analysis, including 13,809 HDU (mean age 70 years) and 5,447 ICU (mean age 58 years) admissions. Of those admitted, 3,524 (18.3%) had type 2 diabetes and 5,077 (26.4%) died during the study period. Patients with type 2 diabetes were at increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.23 [95% CI 1.14, 1.32]), and this result was consistent in HDU and ICU subsets. The relative mortality risk associated with type 2 diabetes decreased with higher age (age 18\u201349 years aHR 1.50 [95% CI 1.05, 2.15], age 50\u201364 years 1.29 [1.10, 1.51], and age \u226565 years 1.18 [1.09, 1.29]; P value for age\u2013type 2 diabetes interaction = 0.002).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes may be an independent prognostic factor for survival in people with severe COVID-19 requiring critical care treatment, and in this setting the risk increase associated with type 2 diabetes is greatest in younger people.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-1444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T17:45:11Z","timestamp":1603475111000},"page":"50-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19\u2013Related Mortality in the Critical Care Setting: A National Cohort Study in England, March\u2013July 2020"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"John M.","family":"Dennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal A.","family":"Mateen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, U.K."},{"name":"Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7171-732X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Sonabend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Science, University College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K."},{"name":"Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kashyap A.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K."},{"name":"Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5620-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Hattersley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K."},{"name":"Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9240-8104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spiros","family":"Denaxas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, U.K."},{"name":"Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, U.K."},{"name":"Health Data Research U.K., London, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6833-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew P.","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K."},{"name":"Royal Devon and Exeter National Health Service Foundation Trust, Exeter, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian J.","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alan Turing Institute, London, U.K."},{"name":"Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022031222384718700_B1","unstructured":"World Health Organization\n          . WHO Director-General\u2019s statement on IHR Emergency Committee on Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Accessed 16 October 2020. 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