{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T05:51:40Z","timestamp":1781243500485,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We determined the efficacy of self-administered subcutaneous mini-dose glucagon (MDG) to treat fasting-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a 4-week randomized, controlled crossover trial of 2-week MDG or 2-week oral glucose tablets (OG, control) involving 17 adults with T1D during Ramadan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with OG, MDG demonstrated a significant higher change in blood glucose from baseline to 30 min (\u0394t30, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and 1 h (\u0394t60, P = 0.02). The efficacy of MDG was preserved following \u22658 h fasting with significantly higher \u0394t30 in MDG (P = 0.01). Over the entire 2 weeks, MDG period had increased time in 70\u2013180 mg\/dL (P = 0.009) and less time &amp;lt;70 mg\/dL (P = 0.04). MDG use resulted in higher completion of fasts compared with OG (P &amp;lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MDG administration is an effective alternative to OG for prevention and treatment of fasting-induced hypoglycemia, offering improved glycemic control and promoting successful completion of prolonged fasts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T14:46:40Z","timestamp":1645109200000},"page":"990-993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Home Use of Mini-Dose Glucagon As a Novel Treatment for Hypoglycemia Following Repeated, Prolonged Fasts in Type 1 Diabetes During Ramadan"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0614-2558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metab","family":"Algeffari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6611-8245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sufyan","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Diabetes & Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas', London, U.K."},{"name":"3Department of Diabetes, King's College London, London, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turki","family":"Almogbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansour","family":"Alsharidah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habibah","family":"Alghadouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Diabetes and Endocrinology Center, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023053114305020400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.10.2306","article-title":"A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422\/2001 (EPIDIAR) study","volume":"27","author":"Salti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0051","article-title":"Mini-dose glucagon as a novel approach to prevent exercise-induced hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Rickels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22829","article-title":"Intermittent fasting and metabolic health: from religious fast to time-restricted feeding","volume":"28","author":"Hoddy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B4","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation and DAR International Alliance\n          . Diabetes and Ramadan: Practical Guidelines, Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2021. Accessed 4 April 2021. Available from www.idf.org\/guidelines\/diabetes- in-ramadan and www.daralliance.org"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1215228","article-title":"Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes","volume":"369","author":"Cryer","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30219-9","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes and fasting in Ramadan: time to rethink classification of risk?","volume":"8","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B7","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Diabetes Canada 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes in Canada","volume":"42","author":"Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.643","article-title":"Mini-dose glucagon rescue for hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Haymond","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7469.778","article-title":"Drug intake during Ramadan","volume":"329","author":"Aadil","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.156","article-title":"Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health","volume":"19","author":"Mattson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117727","article-title":"Impaired net hepatic glycogen synthesis in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects during mixed meal ingestion. A 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"95","author":"Hwang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S73","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-S006","article-title":"6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142021","volume":"44","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00591","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mini-dose glucagon for treatment of nonsevere hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"102","author":"Haymond","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1606","article-title":"Glucagon nasal powder: a promising alternative to intramuscular glucagon in youth with type 1 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Sherr","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2023053114305020400_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212599","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.212599","article-title":"New uses and formulations of glucagon for hypoglycaemia","volume":"8","author":"Beato-V\u00edbora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drugs Context"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/45\/4\/990\/715888\/dc211655.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/45\/4\/990\/715888\/dc211655.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T10:31:10Z","timestamp":1685529070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/45\/4\/990\/144592\/Home-Use-of-Mini-Dose-Glucagon-As-a-Novel"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc21-1655","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2337\/figshare.18857882.v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.2337\/figshare.18857882","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0149-5992"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]]}}}