{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T17:47:52Z","timestamp":1788630472703,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the relation between household food insecurity (HFI) and fear of hypoglycemia among young adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed cross-sectional data of 1,676 young adults with youth-onset diabetes (84% type 1, 16% type 2) and 568 adolescents (&amp;lt;18 years old; mean age 15.1 years) with type 1 diabetes from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Adult participants and parents of adolescent participants completed the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module. Adults, adolescents, and parents of adolescents completed the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, where answers range from 1 to 4. The outcomes were mean score for fear of hypoglycemia and the behavior and worry subscale scores. Linear regression models identified associations between HFI and fear of hypoglycemia scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults with type 1 diabetes experiencing HFI had higher fear of hypoglycemia scores (0.22 units higher for behavior, 0.55 units for worry, 0.40 units for total; all P &amp;lt; 0.0001) than those without HFI. No differences by HFI status were found for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Parents of adolescents reporting HFI had a 0.18 unit higher worry score than those not reporting HFI (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Adults with type 2 diabetes experiencing HFI had higher fear of hypoglycemia scores (0.19 units higher for behavior, 0.35 units for worry, 0.28 units for total; all P &amp;lt; 0.05) than those in food secure households.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Screening for HFI and fear of hypoglycemia among people with diabetes can help providers tailor diabetes education for those who have HFI and therefore fear hypoglycemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1807","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T17:22:22Z","timestamp":1656609742000},"page":"262-269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Household Food Insecurity and Fear of Hypoglycemia in Adolescents and Young Adults With Diabetes and Parents of Youth With Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Lauren A.","family":"Reid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyu","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0833-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth A.","family":"Reboussin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0221-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alissa J.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute and University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Sauder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2480-8480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean M.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Division of Epidemiologic Research, Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2704-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leora","family":"Henkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Flory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9074-7770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Pihoker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute and University of Washington, Seattle, WA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence M.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Apperson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Prisma Health - 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