{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:57:44Z","timestamp":1789016264972,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/content\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We compared arterial stiffness and heart rate variability (HRV) over time by diabetes type and determined the risk factors associated with worsening arterial stiffness and HRV in young adults with youth-onset diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, augmentation index) and six indices of heart rate variability were measured twice, 4.5 years apart, among participants with either youth-onset type 1 or type 2 diabetes in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess risk factors associated with arterial stiffness and HRV at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 1,159 participants studied, 949 had type 1 diabetes (mean age 17.1 \u00b1 4.7 years, 60.3% non-Hispanic White, 55% female) and 210 had type 2 diabetes (mean age 22.1 \u00b1 3.5 years, 23.8% non-Hispanic White, 71% female) at initial assessment when diabetes duration was 7.9 years (both groups). Participants with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes had greater arterial stiffness and more abnormalities in HRV at initial and follow-up assessment and a greater change over time (all P &amp;lt; 0.05). Risk factors associated with worse arterial stiffness and HRV at follow-up in both types of diabetes included higher blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, waist circumference, and triglycerides over time and longer diabetes duration.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Arterial stiffness and HRV worsened over time with greater changes among participants with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes and among those with features of the metabolic syndrome. The risk factor profile documents potentially modifiable pathways to prevent or limit cardiovascular complications in young adults with youth-onset diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T23:01:28Z","timestamp":1654556488000},"page":"1647-1656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Longitudinal Changes in Arterial Stiffness and Heart Rate Variability in Youth-Onset Type 1 Versus Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7297-139X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, 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