{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:29:19Z","timestamp":1785774559983,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a large, multiethnic cohort of youths with obesity, we analyzed pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms underlying variations in plasma glucose responses to a 180 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Latent class trajectory analysis was used to identify various glucose response profiles to a nine-point OGTT in 2,378 participants in the Yale Pathogenesis of Youth-Onset T2D study, of whom 1,190 had available TCF7L2 genotyping and 358 had multiple OGTTs over a 5 year follow-up. Insulin sensitivity, clearance, and \u03b2-cell function were estimated by glucose, insulin, and C-peptide modeling.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Four latent classes (1 to 4) were identified based on increasing areas under the curve for glucose. Participants in class 3 and 4 had the worst metabolic and genetic risk profiles, featuring impaired insulin sensitivity, clearance, and \u03b2-cell function. Model-predicted probability to be classified as class 1 and 4 increased across ages, while insulin sensitivity and clearance showed transient reductions and \u03b2-cell function progressively declined. Insulin sensitivity was the strongest determinant of class assignment at enrollment and of the longitudinal change from class 1 and 2 to higher classes. Transitions between classes 3 and 4 were explained only by changes in \u03b2-cell glucose sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We identified four glucose response classes in youths with obesity with different genetic risk profiles and progressive impairment in insulin kinetics and action. Insulin sensitivity was the main determinant in the transition between lower and higher glucose classes across ages. In contrast, transitions between the two worst glucose classes were driven only by \u03b2-cell glucose sensitivity.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T10:42:28Z","timestamp":1656499348000},"page":"1841-1851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mechanistic Insights Into the Heterogeneity of Glucose Response Classes in Youths With Obesity: A Latent Class Trajectory Approach"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7633-1346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Domenico","family":"Tric\u00f2","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"McCollum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Samuels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"},{"name":"3Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, \u201cV. Tiberio\u201d University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Galderisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Pediatric Endocrinology, H\u00f4pital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif","family":"Groop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7523-5053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Caprio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Shabanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pediatrics, Yale University 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