{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T01:22:48Z","timestamp":1792891368500,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK102655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK102655"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lack of effective transition from pediatric to adult care may contribute to adverse outcomes in young adults with type 1 diabetes. The understanding of outpatient and acute care utilization patterns across the adolescent to young adult transition age in type 1 diabetes populations is suboptimal in the U.S.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We studied claims data from 14,616 individuals diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, aged 16\u201324 years, and enrolled in a large national health plan for \u22651 year from 2005 to 2012. Annual outpatient and emergency department visits and hospitalization rates were calculated at each age. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association of age-group (adolescents [age 16\u201318 years] vs. young adults [age 19\u201324 years]), outpatient visits, and sociodemographic variables with emergency department visit and hospitalization rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Endocrinologist visits declined from 2.3 per year at age 16 years to 1.5 per year by age 22. Emergency department rates increased per year from 45 per 100 at age 16 to 63 per 100 at age 20, then decreased to 60 per 100 by age 24. Hospitalizations per year climbed from 14 per 100 at age 16 to 21 per 100 at age 19, then decreased to 17 per 100 by age 24. In statistical models, young adults experienced higher rates of emergency department visits (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.24 [95% CI 1.18, 1.31]) and hospitalizations (IRR 1.25 [95% CI 1.15, 1.36]) than adolescents. Additional significant predictors of emergency department visits and hospitalizations included female sex and Black race. Individuals with two or more endocrinologist visits per year were less likely to have emergency department visits and hospitalizations; higher income was also protective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results highlight concerning increases in acute care utilization for young adults with type 1 diabetes who are less engaged with outpatient diabetes care and highlight socioeconomic risk factors that warrant further study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T18:27:17Z","timestamp":1661365637000},"page":"2509-2517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Health Care Utilization Trends Across the Transition Period in a National Cohort of Adolescents and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2289-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine C.","family":"Garvey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"LeCates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9675-3001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori","family":"Laffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James 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