{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T05:48:48Z","timestamp":1774072128526,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN27500006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN27500006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200800002I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200800002I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200800003IC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200800003IC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200800012C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200800012C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200800013C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200800013C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200800014C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200800014C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275200800028C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275200800028C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201000001Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201000001Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201000009C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201000009C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively evaluated plasma amino acids (AAs) in early pregnancy and midpregnancy and their interplay with phospholipid fatty acids (FAs) in association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From a longitudinal pregnancy cohort of 2,802 individuals, concentrations of 24 plasma AAs at 10\u201314 and 15\u201326 gestational weeks (GW) were assessed among 107 GDM case subjects and 214 non-GDM control subjects. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI for the associations of plasma AAs and the joint associations of plasma AAs and phospholipid FAs with GDM risk, adjusting for risk factors including age, prepregnancy BMI, and family history of diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glycine at 10\u201314 GW was inversely associated with GDM (adjusted OR [95% CI] per SD increment: 0.55 [0.39\u20130.79]). Alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid at 10\u201314 GW were positively associated with GDM (1.43 [1.08\u20131.88], 1.41 [1.11\u20131.80], and 1.39 [0.98\u20131.98]). At 15\u201326 GW, findings for glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, and the glutamine\u2013to\u2013glutamic acid ratio were consistent with the directions observed at 10\u201314 GW. Isoleucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were positively associated with GDM (1.64 [1.19\u20132.27], 1.15 [0.87\u20131.53], and 1.56 [1.16\u20132.09]). All P values for linear trend were &amp;lt;0.05. Several AAs and phospholipid FAs were significantly and jointly associated with GDM. For instance, the lowest risk was observed among women with higher glycine and lower even-chain saturated FAs at 10\u201314 GW (adjusted OR [95% CI] 0.15 [0.06, 0.37]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma AAs may be implicated in GDM development starting in early pregnancy. Associations of AAs with GDM may be enhanced in the copresence of phospholipid FA profile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T12:27:13Z","timestamp":1674736033000},"page":"722-732","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Plasma Amino Acids in Early Pregnancy and Midpregnancy and Their Interplay With Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Association With the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Results From a Longitudinal Prospective Cohort"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4497-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaxi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Global Centre for Asian Women\u2019s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"2Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fasil","family":"Tekola-Ayele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Global Centre for Asian Women\u2019s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"2Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Extramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruijin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Division of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad L.","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie L.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei Wei","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Global Centre for Asian Women\u2019s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"2Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8014-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cuilin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Global Centre for Asian Women\u2019s Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"2Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"3Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"9Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. 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