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Oral glucose tolerance test \u03b2-cell responses (C-peptide index [CPI] and total C-peptide response [incremental C-peptide\/incremental glucose over 120 min]) were evaluated at the same time points. These responses adjusted for HOMA2-%S in regression analysis provided estimates of \u03b2-cell function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HOMA2-%S increased from baseline to year 1 with glargine and remained stable thereafter, while it did not change from baseline in the other treatment groups. HOMA2-%B and C-peptide responses were increased to variable degrees at year 1 in all groups but then declined progressively over time. At year 5, CPI was similar between liraglutide and sitagliptin, and higher for both than for glargine and glimepiride [0.80, 0.87, 0.74, and 0.64 (nmol\/L)\/(mg\/dL) * 100, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.001], while the total C-peptide response was greatest with liraglutide, followed in descending order by sitagliptin, glargine, and glimepiride [1.54, 1.25, 1.02, and 0.87 (nmol\/L)\/(mg\/dL) * 100, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.001]. After adjustment for HOMA2-%S to obtain an estimate of \u03b2-cell function, the nature of the change in \u03b2-cell responses reflected those in \u03b2-cell function.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The differential long-term effects on insulin sensitivity and \u03b2-cell function of four different glucose-lowering medications when added to metformin highlight the importance of the loss of \u03b2-cell function in the progression of type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:14:10Z","timestamp":1705018450000},"page":"580-588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on \u03b2-Cell Responses and Insulin 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