{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:12:12Z","timestamp":1792102332770,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/0005529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/0005529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CX001899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX001899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01-BX003340"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01-BX003340"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01-CX001025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01-CX001025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01CX001737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01CX001737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK2-CX001907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK2-CX001907"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006229","name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Million Veteran Program, Office of Research and Development, Veterans Health Administration"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 Training Grant"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 Training Grant"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI156161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI156161"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK127083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK127083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KL2TR002381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KL2TR002381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK116073"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK116073"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK098245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK098245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PHILLI12A0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PHILLI12A0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005508","name":"Boettcher Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Webb-Waring Biomedical Research Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Webb-Waring Biomedical Research Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005508","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To characterize high type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk in a population where type 2 diabetes (T2D) predominates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Characteristics typically associated with T1D were assessed in 109,594 Million Veteran Program participants with adult-onset diabetes, 2011\u20132021, who had T1D genetic risk scores (GRS) defined as low (0 to &amp;lt;45%), medium (45 to &amp;lt;90%), high (90 to &amp;lt;95%), or highest (\u226595%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T1D characteristics increased progressively with higher genetic risk (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for trend). A GRS \u226590% was more common with diabetes diagnoses before age 40 years, but 95% of those participants were diagnosed at age \u226540 years, and their characteristics resembled those of individuals with T2D in mean age (64.3 years) and BMI (32.3 kg\/m2). Compared with the low-risk group, the highest-risk group was more likely to have diabetic ketoacidosis (low GRS 0.9% vs. highest GRS 3.7%), hypoglycemia prompting emergency visits (3.7% vs. 5.8%), outpatient plasma glucose &amp;lt;50 mg\/dL (7.5% vs. 13.4%), a shorter median time to start insulin (3.5 vs. 1.4 years), use of a T1D diagnostic code (16.3% vs. 28.1%), low C-peptide levels if tested (1.8% vs. 32.4%), and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (6.9% vs. 45.2%), all P &amp;lt; 0.001.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Characteristics associated with T1D were increased with higher genetic risk, and especially with the top 10% of risk. However, the age and BMI of those participants resemble those of people with T2D, and a substantial proportion did not have diagnostic testing or use of T1D diagnostic codes. T1D genetic screening could be used to aid identification of adult-onset T1D in settings in which T2D predominates.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1927","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T20:43:56Z","timestamp":1712954636000},"page":"1032-1041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk in 109,954 Veterans With Adult-Onset Diabetes: The Million Veteran Program (MVP)"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-6981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter K.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"2Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"3Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Charest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiling J.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan V.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"6Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sridharan","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO"},{"name":"8University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Litkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO"},{"name":"8University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Legvold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary K.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"9Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Oram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Devon, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena V.","family":"Kuklina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marijana","family":"Vujkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Reaven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"13Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron","family":"Leong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"14Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"15Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"},{"name":"16Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter W.F.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"6Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"10College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Devon, U.K"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Phoenix Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ"},{"name":"17UCLA Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"18Bedford Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bedford, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"19Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Staimez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kari E.","family":"North","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Highland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6542-8046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence S.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"9Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Million Veteran Program","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumitra","family":"Muralidhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Deen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Michael","family":"Gaziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Beckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyong-Mi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Tsao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiuh-Wen","family":"Luoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Casas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Churby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacey B.","family":"Whitbourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica V.","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary T.","family":"Brophy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis E.","family":"Selva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahpoor (Alex)","family":"Shayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saiju","family":"Pyarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"DuVall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean P.","family":"Argyres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"McArdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis","family":"Dellitalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Mattocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Harley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Whittle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Jacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Beckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrina","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Norton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Villareal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Kinlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhe","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hamner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujata","family":"Bhushan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pran","family":"Iruvanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Godschalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuhair","family":"Ballas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"River","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Mastorides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Moorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saib","family":"Gappy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Ratcliffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Palacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaoluwa","family":"Okusaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen","family":"Murdoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peruvemba","family":"Sriram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shing Shing","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darshana","family":"Jhala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Aguayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satish","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suthat","family":"Liangpunsakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris Ann","family":"Oursler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Whooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Constans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Greco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Rauchman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Servatius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Gaddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Wallbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Stapley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Strollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Boyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostaqul","family":"Huq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Fayad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Lichy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Hurley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooks","family":"Robey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024052018521393500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17016","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"3","author":"Katsarou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0770","article-title":"Adult-onset type 1 diabetes: current understanding and challenges","volume":"44","author":"Leslie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4863-8","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes defined by severe insulin deficiency occurs after 30\u00a0years of age and is commonly treated as type 2 diabetes","volume":"62","author":"Thomas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.2337\/cd18-0088","article-title":"Misdiagnosis and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: patient and caregiver perspectives","volume":"37","author":"Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0880","article-title":"Introducing the endotype concept to address the challenge of disease heterogeneity in type 1 diabetes","volume":"43","author":"Battaglia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S97","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-S007","article-title":"7. Diabetes technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142022","volume":"45","author":"American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30362-5","article-title":"Frequency and phenotype of type 1 diabetes in the first six decades of life: a cross-sectional, genetically stratified survival analysis from UK Biobank","volume":"6","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.11.1894","article-title":"Weighing in on type 2 diabetes in the military: characteristics of U.S. military personnel at entry who develop type 2 diabetes","volume":"24","author":"Paris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B9","author":"US Department of Defense","year":"2018"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.09.016","article-title":"Million Veteran Program: a mega-biobank to study genetic influences on health and disease","volume":"70","author":"Gaziano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656","article-title":"Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods","volume":"48","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0219964","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0219964","article-title":"Random plasma glucose predicts the diagnosis of diabetes","volume":"14","author":"Rhee","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2019.08.012","article-title":"Harmonizing genetic ancestry and self-identified race\/ethnicity in genome-wide association studies","volume":"105","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1111","article-title":"A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score can aid discrimination between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in young adults","volume":"39","author":"Oram","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1727","article-title":"Type 1 diabetes risk in African-ancestry participants and utility of an ancestry-specific genetic risk score","volume":"42","author":"Onengut-Gumuscu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2872","article-title":"Utility of diabetes type\u2013specific genetic risk scores for the classification of diabetes type among multiethnic youth","volume":"45","author":"Oram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.02.337","article-title":"Estimating GFR using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation: more accurate GFR estimates, lower CKD prevalence estimates, and better risk predictions","volume":"55","author":"Levey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0964","article-title":"Automated detection and classification of type 1 versus type 2 diabetes using electronic health record data","volume":"36","author":"Klompas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-11-0797","article-title":"Levels of C-peptide, body mass index and age, and their usefulness in classification of diabetes in relation to autoimmunity, in adults with newly diagnosed diabetes in Kronoberg, Sweden","volume":"166","author":"Thunander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12216","article-title":"Age-dependent decline of \u03b2-cell function in type 1 diabetes after diagnosis: a multi-centre longitudinal study","volume":"16","author":"Barker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0431","article-title":"A type 1 diabetes genetic risk score can identify patients with GAD65 autoantibody\u2013positive type 2 diabetes who rapidly progress to insulin therapy","volume":"42","author":"Grubb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-2189","article-title":"Initiation of continuous glucose monitoring is linked to improved glycemic control and fewer clinical events in type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the veterans health administration","volume":"46","author":"Reaven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B23","first-page":"391","author":"Johnson","year":"2022"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B24"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.2337\/db08-0605","article-title":"Two single nucleotide polymorphisms identify the highest-risk diabetes HLA genotype: potential for rapid screening","volume":"57","author":"Barker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2024052018521393500_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1002\/cphg.95","article-title":"Genetic risk scores","volume":"104","author":"Igo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dc23-1927\/764899\/dc231927.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dc23-1927\/764899\/dc231927.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T18:54:20Z","timestamp":1716231260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/47\/6\/1032\/154476\/Type-1-Diabetes-Genetic-Risk-in-109-954-Veterans"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-1927","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]}}}