{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:10:38Z","timestamp":1789477838542,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke","award":["1993-2007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1993-2007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK094157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK094157"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 DK094176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK094176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Clinical Translational Science Center"},{"name":"Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate quantitative and qualitative changes in retinal structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and their associations with systemic or other risk factors in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, OCT images were obtained during study years 25\u201328 (2019\u20132022) in 937 participants; 54% and 46% were from the original intensive (INT) and conventional (CONV) glycemic management treatment groups, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Average age for participants was 61 years old, diabetes duration 39 years, and HbA1c 7.6%. Participants originally in the CONV group were more likely to have disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) (CONV 27.3% vs. INT 18.7%; P = 0.0003), intraretinal fluid (CONV 24.4% vs. INT 19.2%; P = 0.0222), and intraretinal cysts (CONV 20.8% vs. INT 16.6%; P = 0.0471). In multivariable models, sex, age, smoking, mean updated systolic blood pressure, and history of \u201cclinically significant\u201d macular edema (CSME) and of anti-VEGF treatment were independently associated with changes in central subfield thickness, while HbA1c, BMI, and history of CSME and of ocular surgery were associated with DRIL. Visual acuity (VA) decline was associated with significant thinning of all retinal subfields except for the central and inner nasal subfields.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early intensive glycemic management in T1D is associated with a decreased risk of DRIL. This important morphological abnormality was associated with a history of macular edema, a history of ocular surgery, and worse VA. This study reveals benefits of intensive glycemic management on the retina beyond features detected by fundus photographs and ophthalmoscopy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-2408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T17:31:48Z","timestamp":1711733508000},"page":"1522-1529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Intensive Glycemic Management Is Associated With Reduced Retinal Structure Abnormalities on Ocular Coherence Tomography in the DCCT\/EDIC Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Blodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Kellogg Eye Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Ophthalmology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gayle M.","family":"Lorenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Olmos de Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Eye Institute at Harborview, University of Washington, Seattle, 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