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Yet, findings on the relation of glucose metabolism with amyloid-\u03b2 and tau pathology later in life remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 288 participants (mean age 43.1 years, SD 10.7, range 20\u201370 years) without dementia, from the Framingham Heart Study, who had available measures of glucose metabolism (i.e., one-time fasting plasma glucose and insulin) and positron emission tomography (PET) measures of amyloid-\u03b2 and\/or tau 14 years later. We performed linear regression analyses to test associations of plasma glucose (continuously and categorically; elevated defined as &amp;gt;100 mg\/dL), plasma insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) with amyloid-\u03b2 or tau load on PET. When significant, we explored whether age, sex, and APOE \u03b54 allele carriership (AD genetic risk) modified these associations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings indicated that elevated plasma glucose was associated with greater tau load 14 years later (B [95% CI] = 0.03 [0.01\u20130.05], P = 0.024 after false discovery rate [FDR] correction) but not amyloid-\u03b2. APOE \u03b54 carriership modified this association (B [95% CI] = \u22120.08 [\u22120.12 to \u22120.03], P = 0.001), indicating that the association was only present in APOE \u03b54 noncarriers (n = 225). Plasma insulin and HOMA-IR were not associated with amyloid-\u03b2 or tau load 14 years later after FDR correction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our findings suggest that glucose metabolism is associated with increased future tau but not amyloid-\u03b2 load. This provides relevant knowledge for prevention strategies and prognostics to improve health care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T13:01:25Z","timestamp":1722344485000},"page":"1787-1793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Associations Between Glucose Metabolism Measures and Amyloid-\u03b2 and Tau Load on PET 14 Years Later: Findings From the Framingham Heart Study"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8240-5367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veerle","family":"van Gils","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiushan","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting F.A.","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"},{"name":"5Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina B.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth C.","family":"Mormino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei Qiao","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter Jelle","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands"},{"name":"7Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Campus, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhoda","family":"Au","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"},{"name":"5Framingham Heart Study, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"},{"name":"8Department of Neurology & Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA"},{"name":"9Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willemijn J.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie J.B.","family":"Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Alzheimer Center Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092018512291500_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12694","article-title":"Global estimates on the number of persons across the Alzheimer\u2019s disease continuum","volume":"19","author":"Gustavsson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers 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