{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:48:27Z","timestamp":1792802907724,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["DP3 DK114812"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP3 DK114812"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["U01 DK094157"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK094157"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Division of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","award":["U01 DK094176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 DK094176"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00adh9b73","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate associations between plasma biomarkers of brain injury and MRI and cognitive measures in participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D) from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial\/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT\/EDIC) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma amyloid-\u03b2-40, amyloid-\u03b2-42, neurofilament light chain (NfL), phosphorylated Tau-181 (pTau-181), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured in 373 adults who participated in the DCCT\/EDIC study. MRI assessments included total brain and white matter hyperintensity volumes, white matter mean fractional anisotropy, and indices of Alzheimer disease (AD)\u2013like atrophy and predicted brain age. Cognitive measures included memory and psychomotor and mental efficiency tests and assessments of cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were 60 (range 44\u201374) years old with 38 (30\u201351) years\u2019 T1D duration. Higher NfL was associated with an increase in predicted brain age (0.51 years per 20% increase in NfL; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and a 19.5% increase in the odds of impaired cognition (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Higher NfL and pTau-181 were associated with lower psychomotor and mental efficiency (P &amp;lt; 0.001) but not poorer memory. Amyloid-\u03b2 measures were not associated with study measures. A 1% increase in mean HbA1c was associated with a 14.6% higher NfL and 12.8% higher pTau-181 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this aging T1D cohort, biomarkers of brain injury did not demonstrate an AD-like profile. NfL emerged as a biomarker of interest in T1D because of its association with higher HbA1c, accelerated brain aging on MRI, and cognitive dysfunction. Our study suggests that early neurodegeneration in adults with T1D is likely due to non-AD\/nonamyloid mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T14:19:50Z","timestamp":1718115590000},"page":"1530-1538","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Plasma Biomarkers of Brain Injury and Their Association With Brain MRI and Cognition in Type 1 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Amy B.","family":"Karger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya M.","family":"Nasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-9754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara H.","family":"Braffett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-3648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Luchsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Pitt Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4944-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ionut","family":"Bebu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3The Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Arends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Habes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Neuroimage Analytics Laboratory and Biggs Institute Neuroimaging Core, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonino, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7376-6870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose A.","family":"Gubitosi-Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies and Children\u2019s Hospital, Cleveland, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8821-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi","family":"Chaytor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Community and Behavioral Health, Elson S. 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