{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:59:20Z","timestamp":1792814360867,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFC2009600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2009600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2022YFC2009605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2009605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012176","name":"Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["D18005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D18005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012176","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82030022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82030022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2023B1111030004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1111030004"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease","award":["2020B1111170013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111170013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81973133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81973133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop and validate a protein risk score for predicting chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with diabetes and compare its predictive performance with a validated clinical risk model (CKD Prediction Consortium [CKD-PC]) and CKD polygenic risk score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cohort study included 2,094 patients with diabetes who had proteomics and genetic information and no history of CKD at baseline from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project. Based on nearly 3,000 plasma proteins, a CKD protein risk score including 11 proteins was constructed in the training set (including 1,047 participants; 117 CKD events).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median follow-up duration was 12.1 years. In the test set (including 1,047 participants; 112 CKD events), the CKD protein risk score was positively associated with incident CKD (per SD increment; hazard ratio 1.78; 95% CI 1.44, 2.20). Compared with the basic model (age + sex + race, C-index, 0.627; 95% CI 0.578, 0.675), the CKD protein risk score (C-index increase 0.122; 95% CI 0.071, 0.177), and the CKD-PC risk factors (C-index increase 0.175; 95% CI 0.126, 0.217) significantly improved the prediction performance of incident CKD, but the CKD polygenic risk score (C-index increase 0.007; 95% CI \u22120.016, 0.025) had no significant improvement. Adding the CKD protein risk score into the CKD-PC risk factors had the largest C-index of 0.825 (C-index from 0.802 to 0.825; difference 0.023; 95% CI 0.006, 0.044), and significantly improved the continuous 10-year net reclassification (0.199; 95% CI 0.059, 0.299) and 10-year integrated discrimination index (0.041; 95% CI 0.007, 0.083).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adding the CKD protein risk score to a validated clinical risk model significantly improved the discrimination and reclassification of CKD risk in patients with diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  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Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 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