{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:29:26Z","timestamp":1791908966809,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1K23DK122017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23DK122017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1K23DK138267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K23DK138267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5K12DK122550"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5K12DK122550"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"NIDDK","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30DK116074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK116074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015521","name":"Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015521","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["T32DK007217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK007217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to assess the feasibility, clinical accuracy, and acceptance of a hospital-wide continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) policy with electronic health record (EHR)\u2013integrated validation for insulin dosing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital policy was developed and implemented at Stanford Health Care for using personal CGMs in lieu of fingerstick blood glucose (FSBG) monitoring. It included requirements specific to each CGM, accuracy monitoring protocols, and EHR integration. User experience surveys were conducted among a subset of patients and nurses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From November 2022 to August 2023, 135 patients used the CGM protocol in 185 inpatient encounters. This group included 27% with type 1 diabetes and 24% with automated insulin delivery systems. The most-used CGMs were Dexcom G6 (44%) and FreeStyle Libre 2 (43%). Of 1,506 CGM validation attempts, 87.8% met the 20% or 20 mg\/dL (%20\/20) criterion for CGM-based insulin dosing and 99.3% fell within Clarke zones A or B. User experience surveys were completed by 27 nurses and 46 patients. Most nurses found glucose management under the protocol effective (74%), easy to use (67%), and efficient (63%); 80% of nurses preferred inpatient CGM to FSBG. Most patients liked the CGM protocol (63%), reported positive CGM interactions with nursing staff (63%), and felt no significant interruptions to their diabetes management (63%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of a hospital-wide inpatient CGM policy supporting multiple CGM types with real-time accuracy monitoring and integration into the EHR is feasible. Initial feedback from nurses and patients was favorable, and further investigation toward broader use and sustainability is needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0626","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T10:18:22Z","timestamp":1723630702000},"page":"1838-1845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Empowering Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: Implementation of a Hospital-wide CGM Policy With EHR-Integrated Validation for Dosing Insulin"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8681-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming Yeh","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Seav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loice","family":"Ongwela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Aubyrn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Inpatient Systems and Services, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang Y.","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kalinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Inpatient Systems and Services, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Aparicio Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Inpatient Systems and Services, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunzi","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailee","family":"Kingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maja","family":"Ivanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Buckingham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimpi","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayhan A.","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Division of 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Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024092018510929400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac022","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for the use of automated insulin delivery technologies in clinical practice","volume":"44","author":"Phillip","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2024092018510929400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S126","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S007","article-title":"7. 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Chim Acta"},{"key":"2024092018510929400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-1289","article-title":"Performance of strip-based glucose meters and cassette-based blood gas analyzer for monitoring glucose levels in a surgical intensive care setting","volume":"54","author":"Claerhout","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2024092018510929400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.227017","article-title":"Modeling of effect of glucose sensor errors on insulin dosage and glucose bolus computed by LOGIC-insulin","volume":"60","author":"Van Herpe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2024092018510929400_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4007","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab409","article-title":"Use of continuous glucose monitor in critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring insulin infusion: an observational 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