{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T22:25:50Z","timestamp":1785536750867,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["P30DK092926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK092926"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022690","name":"JDRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5-COE-2019-861-S-B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5-COE-2019-861-S-B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018242","name":"Michigan Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Medical School, University of Michigan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK089503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK089503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001130","name":"Gerber Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N030009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N030009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JDRF Center of Excellence"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK092926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK092926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3HD087979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3HD087979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3HD087979-04S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3HD087979-04S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017243","name":"MDRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30DK020572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK020572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017243","name":"MDRC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30DK089503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK089503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Elizabeth Weiser Caswell Diabetes Institute at the University of Michigan"},{"name":"Michigan Center for Diabetes Translational Research","award":["P30DK092926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK092926"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To determine bidirectional associations between the timing of chronic diabetes complications (CDCs) and mental health disorders (MHDs) in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We used a nationally representative health care claims database to identify matched individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes or without diabetes using a propensity score quasirandomization technique stratified by age (0\u201319, 20\u201339, 40\u201359, and \u226560 years). CDCs and MHDs were identified using ICD-9\/10 codes. We fit Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying diagnoses of CDCs or MHDs to investigate their association with the hazard of developing MHDs or CDCs, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From 2001 to 2018, a total of 553,552 individuals were included (44,735 with type 1 diabetes, 152,187 with type 2 diabetes, and 356,630 without diabetes). We found that having a CDC increased the hazard of developing an MHD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.9\u20132.9; P &amp;lt; 0.05, with higher HRs in older age strata), and having an MHD increased the hazard of developing a CDC (HR 1.4\u20132.5; P &amp;lt; 0.05, with the highest HR in age stratum 0\u201319 years). In those aged &amp;lt;60 years, individuals with type 1 diabetes were more likely to have CDCs, whereas individuals with type 2 diabetes were more likely to have MHDs. However, the relationship between CDCs and MHDs in either direction was not affected by diabetes type (P &amp;gt; 0.05 for interaction effects).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found a consistent bidirectional association between CDCs and MHDs across the life span, highlighting the important relationship between CDCs and MHDs. Prevention and treatment of either comorbidity may help reduce the risk of developing the other.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T17:40:25Z","timestamp":1721065225000},"page":"1638-1646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Bidirectional Associations Between Mental Health Disorders and Chronic Diabetic Complications in Individuals With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3309-2852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0138-8436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan L.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mousumi","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kara","family":"Mizokami-Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Albright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Health Services and Informatics Research, Parkview Health, Fort Wayne, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7133-9886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2042-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodica","family":"Pop-Busui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-2694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva L.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8885-6748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian 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