{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:52:13Z","timestamp":1787025133700,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01DK130351-02S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01DK130351-02S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved over time by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, disease severity, treatment, and prevention. There is evidence of an elevated risk of incident diabetes after COVID-19; our objective was to evaluate whether this association is consistent across time and with contemporary viral variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data to evaluate incident diabetes risk among COVID-positive adults compared with COVID-negative patients or control patients with acute respiratory illness (ARI). Cohorts were weighted on demographics, data site, and Charlson comorbidity index score. The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) of incident diabetes for each viral variant era.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Risk of incident diabetes 1 year after COVID-19 was increased for patients with any viral variant compared with COVID-negative control patients (ancestral CIR 1.16 [95% CI 1.12\u20131.21]; Alpha CIR 1.14 [95% CI 1.11\u20131.17]; Delta CIR 1.17 [95% CI 1.13\u20131.21]; Omicron CIR 1.13 [95% CI 1.10\u20131.17]) and control patients with ARI (ancestral CIR 1.17 [95% CI 1.11\u20131.22]; Alpha CIR 1.14 [95% CI 1.09\u20131.19]; Delta CIR 1.18 [95% CI 1.11\u20131.26]; Omicron CIR 1.20 [95% CI 1.13\u20131.27]). There was latency in the timing of incident diabetes risk with the Omicron variant; in contrast with other variants, the risk presented after 180 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incident diabetes risk after COVID-19 was similar across different SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, there was greater latency in diabetes onset in the Omicron variant era.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,29]],"date-time":"2024-08-29T11:36:35Z","timestamp":1724931395000},"page":"1846-1854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Incident Diabetes by Viral Variant: Findings From the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3108-7324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY"},{"name":"2Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talia","family":"Wiggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven G.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0670-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared D.","family":"Huling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsey E.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Office of the Director, Biostatistics Program\/Office of Clinical Research Support, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-0652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin-Chieh","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"9Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Til","family":"St\u00fcrmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5858-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolyn T.","family":"Bramante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Buse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"13North Carolina Translational and Clinical Sciences Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel 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