{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T13:21:07Z","timestamp":1783948867484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000053","name":"National Eye Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01EYE26080-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01EYE26080-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000053","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7-21-PDF-022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7-21-PDF-022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022690","name":"JDRF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17-2013-310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17-2013-310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022690","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beatson Pledge Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017618","name":"Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP3-DK-094333-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP3-DK-094333-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017618","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate the association of aqueous retinol-binding protein 3 (RBP3) with history of diabetic macular edema (DME) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RBP3 concentration was measured by ELISA in aqueous from patients undergoing cataract surgery at Joslin Diabetes Center. DR progression was defined as two-step or more worsening on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study severity scale, and DME history was determined by clinical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 153 eyes (31 with type 1 and 122 with type 2 diabetes; n = 149 patients), 37% had no signs of DR, 40% had mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), and 23% had moderate NPDR. Aqueous RBP3 decreased from a median of 2.1 nmol\/L (interquartile range 0.8\u20133.4) in eyes with no DR to 1.5 nmol\/L (0.8\u20133.8) in eyes with mild-to-moderate NPDR (P = 0.047). The difference between aqueous RBP3 levels in those with type 1 or type 2 diabetes was not significant. Elevated RBP3 (\u03b2 = \u22120.701, 95% CI \u22121.151 to 0.250, P = 0.002) was associated with no DME history. With a mean follow-up of 5.5 \u00b1 3.6 years, elevated RBP3 at baseline was associated with less subsequent DR progression (odds ratio 0.51, 95% CI 0.28\u20130.93, P = 0.03). In multivariable analyses, RBP3 remained significantly associated with a DR progression and history of DME. A 5% improvement was seen in the area under the curve when RBP3 was added to clinical models for predicting DR progression (P &amp;lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study suggests that aqueous RBP3 may be an important protective factor, the first neuroretinal-specific biomarker of DME or DR progression, and a possible therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T21:12:41Z","timestamp":1732137161000},"page":"136-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reduced Aqueous Retinol-Binding Protein 3 Concentration Is Associated With Diabetic Macular Edema and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7592-8685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanvi","family":"Chokshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6807-2532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ward","family":"Fickweiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surya","family":"Jangolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoungmin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Hsien","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3685-4572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hetal","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"5Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer K.","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lloyd Paul","family":"Aiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"3Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0335-5881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"2Diane Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory for Diabetes Complications, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"4Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"5Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 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