{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T14:48:47Z","timestamp":1766760527366,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031584","name":"German Center for Diabetes Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031584","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the state North Rhine-Westphalia"},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Endogenous carbonyl stress leads to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs represent a potential target to prevent or treat diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN). The current study aimed to characterize cutaneous carbonyl stress, oxidative stress, immune cells, and endothelial cell damage in early type 2 diabetes compared with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) using novel cutaneous biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Included were 160 individuals recently (\u226412 months) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 144 with NGT from the German Diabetes Study baseline cohort. Nerve function was assessed using electrophysiological, quantitative sensory, and clinical testing. Skin biopsies were obtained to analyze intraepidermal nerve fiber density, AGE autofluorescence, argpyrimidine area, and endothelial cell area. In addition, skin autofluorescence was measured noninvasively using the AGE reader. A subgroup with type 2 diabetes (n = 80) was reassessed 5 years later.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After adjustment for sex, age, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, and BMI, argpyrimidine area (17.5 \u00b1 18.8 vs. 11.7 \u00b1 12.7%) was higher in recent-onset type 2 diabetes than in NGT (P &amp;lt; 0.05). AGE autofluorescence was inversely correlated with nerve conduction (e.g., peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity: r = \u22120.346) and positively with AGE reader measurements in type 2 diabetes (r = 0.358, all P &amp;lt; 0.05), but not in NGT. Higher baseline AGE autofluorescence and lower endothelial cell area predicted the deterioration of clinical and neurophysiological measures after 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cutaneous AGE markers were associated with neurophysiological deficits in recent-onset type 2 diabetes and predicted their progression after 5 years, substantiating the role of carbonyl stress in the development of early DSPN.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-1799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T19:11:19Z","timestamp":1732561879000},"page":"251-258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cutaneous Carbonyl Stress Is Associated With Nerve Dysfunction in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1446-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gidon J.","family":"B\u00f6nhof","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"2Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"3German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner D\u00fcsseldorf, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Strom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"3German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner D\u00fcsseldorf, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"5German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1lm\u00e1n B.","family":"B\u00f3dis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"2Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"3German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner D\u00fcsseldorf, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Szendroedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner D\u00fcsseldorf, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"},{"name":"6Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"2Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"3German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner D\u00fcsseldorf, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Grune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany"},{"name":"5German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Potsdam, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Roden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"2Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"},{"name":"3German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner D\u00fcsseldorf, M\u00fcnchen-Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University D\u00fcsseldorf, D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012222410963000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00107","article-title":"Emerging biomarkers, tools, and treatments for diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"40","author":"B\u00f6nhof","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2025012222410963000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e120421192781","DOI":"10.2174\/1573399817666210412123740","article-title":"Diagnostic tools, biomarkers, and treatments in diabetic polyneuropathy and cardiovascular 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