{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T20:44:23Z","timestamp":1788986663562,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000097","name":"National Center for Research Resources","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M01 RR 000043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01 RR 000043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000097","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK17047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK17047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK46374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK46374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR 000130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR 000130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES007048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES007048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01ES032247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01ES032247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We investigated associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and changes in diabetes indicators from pregnancy to 12 years after delivery among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighty Hispanic women with GDM history were followed from the third trimester of pregnancy to 12 years after delivery. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were conducted during follow-up. Plasma PFAS concentrations were measured at the third trimester of pregnancy and first postpartum visit. A linear mixed-effects model was used to analyze associations between PFAS and trajectories of diabetes indicators, adjusted for age, breastfeeding status, daily total calorie intake, and body fat percentage.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Increased 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate level was associated with faster increase in concentrations of fasting glucose (P = 0.003). Increased perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and linear perfluorooctanoate (n-PFOA) concentrations were associated with faster increase in fasting insulin concentrations (P = 0.04 for PFNA; P = 0.02 for n-PFOA) and faster decrease in acute insulin response to glucose (P = 0.04 for PFNA; P = 0.02 for n-PFOA).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>PFAS exposure is associated with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and \u03b2-cell dysfunction, thus increasing type 2 diabetes risk.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-2056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T16:28:35Z","timestamp":1738081715000},"page":"564-568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Longitudinal Associations of PFAS Exposure With Insulin Sensitivity and \u03b2-Cell Function Among Hispanic Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Ni","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nosa","family":"Osazuwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyu","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne Cook","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia M.","family":"Calafat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2786-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anny H.","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6424-6697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 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