{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:35:39Z","timestamp":1791513339830,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007028","name":"Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AWD06490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AWD06490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Project Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model is used in 180 countries to address chronic disease care through a provider empowerment, tele-education approach. Few studies have rigorously evaluated the impact of the program on patient outcomes using randomized designs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Implementation of an ECHO Diabetes program was evaluated using a stepped-wedge design with recruitment of 20 federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) across California and Florida with randomized, phased-in intervention entry. Participating FQHCs (referred to as \u201cspokes\u201d) provided aggregate data, including the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) and diabetes technology use. Patients were recruited from spokes, and data collection involved historical and prospective HbA1c measures, HEDIS markers, and pre\/post surveys. Linear mixed models were used to generate patient-level monthly HbA1c estimates and evaluate change over time; Poisson regression was used to model clinic-level technology use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The spoke-level cohort included 32,796 people with type 1 diabetes (T1D; 3.4%) and type 2 diabetes (T2D; 96.6%), of whom 72.7% were publicly insured or uninsured. The patient-level cohort included 582 adults with diabetes (33.0% with T1D, 67.0% with T2D). Their mean age was 51.1 years, 80.7% were publicly insured or uninsured, 43.7% were non-Hispanic White, 31.6% were Hispanic, 7.9% were non-Hispanic Black, and 16.8% were in other race\/ethnicity categories. At the spoke level, there were statistically significant reductions before and after the intervention in the proportion of people with HbA1c &amp;gt;9% (range 31.7% to 26.7%; P = 0.033). At the patient level, there were statistically significant increases in those using continuous glucose monitoring (range 25.1% to 36.8%; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and pump use (range 15.3% to 18.3%; P &amp;lt; 0.001) before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ECHO model demonstrates promise for reducing health disparities in diabetes and contributes to our understanding of program benefits beyond the provider level.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-2100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T13:01:03Z","timestamp":1734440463000},"page":"243-250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Project ECHO Diabetes Trial Improves Outcomes for Medically Underserved People"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7554-2344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashby F.","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL"},{"name":"2Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-1824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Haller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1University of Florida Diabetes Institute, Gainesville, FL"},{"name":"3Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0508-4309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ananta","family":"Addala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Filipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rayhan A.","family":"Lal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"7Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3371-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Gurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"},{"name":"8Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Figg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Hechavarria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9374-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dessi P.","family":"Zaharieva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keilecia G.","family":"Malden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-7749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Korey K.","family":"Hood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Westen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"9Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2093-4647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie J.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA"},{"name":"5Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William T.","family":"Donahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, & Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL"},{"name":"11Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, 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