{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:50:36Z","timestamp":1791521436540,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Diabetes Association","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.diabetesjournals.org\/journals\/pages\/license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Junior research fellowship 11D1214N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Junior research fellowship 11D1214N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Junior research fellowship 1SD8122N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Junior research fellowship 1SD8122N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Project G.0868.11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project G.0868.11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012285","name":"Departement Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IWT 130 138"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IWT 130 138"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012285","name":"Departement Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRP42-Growth"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRP42-Growth"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012285","name":"Departement Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SRP55-Spearhead"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SRP55-Spearhead"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100030780","name":"Wetenschappelijk Fonds Willy Gepts, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Funding for the Belgian Diabetes Registry"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funding for the Belgian Diabetes Registry"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100030780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Center for Medical Innovation Flanders","award":["Funding for the Belgian Diabetes Registry"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funding for the Belgian Diabetes Registry"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020192","name":"Medtronic Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Free-of-charge materials. No other involvement."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Free-of-charge materials. No other involvement."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Free-of-charge materials. No other involvement."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Free-of-charge materials. No other involvement."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["diabetesjournals.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Evidence for using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as an alternative to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in presymptomatic type 1 diabetes is primarily cross-sectional. We used longitudinal data to compare the diagnostic performance of repeated CGM, HbA1c, and OGTT metrics to predict progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-four multiple autoantibody-positive first-degree relatives (FDRs) (BMI SD score [SDS] &amp;lt;2) were followed in a multicenter study with semiannual 5-day CGM recordings, HbA1c, and OGTT for a median of 3.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0\u20137.5) years. Longitudinal patterns were compared based on progression status. Prediction of rapid (&amp;lt;3 years) and overall progression to stage 3 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUCs), Kaplan-Meier method, baseline Cox proportional hazards models (concordance), and extended Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates in multiple record data (n = 197 OGTTs and concomitant CGM recordings), adjusted for intraindividual correlations (corrected Akaike information criterion [AICc]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After a median of 40 (IQR 20\u201391) months, 17 of 34 FDRs (baseline median age 16.6 years) developed stage 3 type 1 diabetes. CGM metrics increased close to onset, paralleling changes in OGTT, both with substantial intra- and interindividual variability. Cross-sectionally, the best OGTT and CGM metrics similarly predicted rapid (ROC AUC = 0.86\u20130.92) and overall progression (concordance = 0.73\u20130.78). In longitudinal models, OGTT-derived AUC glucose (AICc = 71) outperformed the best CGM metric (AICc = 75) and HbA1c (AICc = 80) (all P &amp;lt; 0.001). HbA1c complemented repeated CGM metrics (AICc = 68), though OGTT-based multivariable models remained superior (AICc = 59).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In longitudinal models, repeated CGM and HbA1c were nearly as effective as OGTT in predicting stage 3 type 1 diabetes and may be more convenient for long-term clinical monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-2376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T18:41:22Z","timestamp":1738867282000},"page":"528-536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/ada-journal-policies","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Repeated OGTT Versus Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Predicting Development of Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis"],"prefix":"10.2337","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9070-3882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aster K.","family":"Desouter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"2Diabetes Clinic, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8671-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart","family":"Keymeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"2Diabetes Clinic, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursule","family":"Van de Velde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"2Diabetes Clinic, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2304-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelien","family":"Van Dalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"3Clinical Chemistry and Radioimmunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Lapauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-3203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"De Block","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"5Diabetes Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University of Antwerp\u2013Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9111-4561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieter","family":"Gillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"6Diabetes Center, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Leuven\u2013KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Seret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"7Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Clinique CHC Montl\u00e9gia, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4445-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric V.","family":"Balti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"2Diabetes Clinic, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena R.","family":"Van Vooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8259-3329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willem","family":"Staels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8Genetics, Reproduction, and Development, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"9Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8629-254X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Van Aken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"10Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-8795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke","family":"den Brinker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"11Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Antwerp\u2013Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Depoorter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"12Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, AZ Sint-Jan, Bruges, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9500-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joke","family":"Marlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"4Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0974-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Kahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"2Diabetes Clinic, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"4Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9007-6177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frans K.","family":"Gorus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"2Diabetes Clinic, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1167","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032118520786900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6285","article-title":"Seroconversion to multiple islet autoantibodies and risk of progression to diabetes in children","volume":"309","author":"Ziegler","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-1419","article-title":"Staging presymptomatic type 1 diabetes: a scientific statement of JDRF, the Endocrine Society, and the American Diabetes Association","volume":"38","author":"Insel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2228","article-title":"Twenty-year progression rate to clinical onset according to autoantibody profile, age, and HLA-DQ genotype in a registry-based group of children and adults with a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Gorus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B4","first-page":"1276","article-title":"Consensus guidance for monitoring individuals with islet autoantibody-positive pre-stage 3 type 1 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Phillip","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00238-9","article-title":"Transitioning to stage 3 type 1 diabetes: when to start insulin","volume":"12","author":"Besser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1026","article-title":"Reduced prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in young children participating in longitudinal follow-up","volume":"34","author":"Elding Larsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12809","article-title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and glycemic control over time: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study","volume":"20","author":"Duca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32127-0","article-title":"Changing the landscape for type 1 diabetes: the first step to prevention","volume":"394","author":"Dayan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1902226","article-title":"An anti-CD3 antibody, teplizumab, in relatives at risk for type 1 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Herold","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-S002","article-title":"2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes\u20142024","volume":"47","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0641","article-title":"Validation of the Diabetes Prevention Trial-type 1 risk score in the TrialNet Natural History Study","volume":"34","author":"Sosenko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3621-9","article-title":"OGTT and random plasma glucose in the prediction of type 1 diabetes and time to diagnosis","volume":"58","author":"Helminen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2035","article-title":"Hyperglycemic clamp and oral glucose tolerance test for 3-year prediction of clinical onset in persistently autoantibody-positive offspring and siblings of type 1 diabetic patients","volume":"100","author":"Balti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13149","article-title":"Adherence to oral glucose tolerance testing in children in stage 1 of type 1 diabetes: the TEDDY study","volume":"22","author":"Driscoll","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-0828","article-title":"Rising hemoglobin A1c in the nondiabetic range predicts progression of type 1 diabetes as well as oral glucose tolerance tests","volume":"45","author":"Vehik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0497","article-title":"HbA1c predicts time to diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children at risk","volume":"64","author":"Helminen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2965","article-title":"Early hyperglycemia detected by continuous glucose monitoring in children at risk for type 1 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Steck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2016.07.027","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c in the evaluation of glucose metabolism in children at high risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"120","author":"Helminen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3337","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02196","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring predicts progression to diabetes in autoantibody positive children","volume":"104","author":"Steck","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-0602","article-title":"CGM metrics predict imminent progression to type 1 diabetes: Autoimmunity Screening for Kids (ASK) study","volume":"45","author":"Steck","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.2337\/dc24-0540","article-title":"Early dysglycemia is detectable using continuous glucose monitoring in very young children at risk of type 1 diabetes","volume":"47","author":"Haynes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgae691","article-title":"Discrimination and precision of continuous glucose monitoring in staging children with presymptomatic type 1 diabetes","author":"Huber","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3761-y","article-title":"Relationship between glycaemic variability and hyperglycaemic clamp-derived functional variables in (impending) type 1 diabetes","volume":"58","author":"Van Dalem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1297","article-title":"CGM metrics identify dysglycemic states in participants from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study","volume":"46","author":"Wilson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74-OR","DOI":"10.2337\/db24-74-OR","article-title":"ADA Presidents\u2019 Select Abstract: CGM metrics from five studies identify participants at high risk of imminent type 1 diabetes (T1D) development","volume":"73","author":"Calhoun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad472","article-title":"OGTT metrics surpass continuous glucose monitoring data for T1D prediction in multiple-autoantibody-positive individuals","volume":"109","author":"Ylescupidez","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.3109\/03014460903049074","article-title":"References for growth and pubertal development from birth to 21 years in Flanders, Belgium","volume":"36","author":"Roelants","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S55","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2008.0132","article-title":"Interpretation of continuous glucose monitoring data: glycemic variability and quality of glycemic control","volume":"11","author":"Rodbard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.4.561","article-title":"Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) plots: a fundamental evaluation tool in clinical medicine","volume":"39","author":"Zweig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000147512.81966.ba","article-title":"Optimal cut-point and its corresponding Youden index to discriminate individuals using pooled blood samples","volume":"16","author":"Schisterman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","article-title":"Regression models and life-tables","volume":"34","author":"Cox","year":"1972","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Series B Methodol"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176345976","article-title":"Cox\u2019s regression model for counting processes: a large sample study","volume":"10","author":"Andersen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/76.2.297","article-title":"Regression and time series model selection in small samples","volume":"76","author":"Hurvich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-2288","article-title":"C-peptide levels in subjects followed longitudinally before and after type 1 diabetes diagnosis in TrialNet","volume":"43","author":"Bogun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-022-05836-w","article-title":"The effect of age on longitudinal measures of beta cell function and insulin sensitivity during the progression of early stage type 1 diabetes","volume":"66","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22-1362","article-title":"Persistence of \u03b2-cell responsiveness for over two years in autoantibody-positive children with marked metabolic impairment at screening","volume":"45","author":"Sims","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.120877","article-title":"\u03b2 Cell dysfunction exists more than 5 years before type 1 diabetes diagnosis","volume":"3","author":"Evans-Molina","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00337-1","article-title":"Dysglycaemia definitions and progression to clinical type 1 diabetes in children with multiple islet autoantibodies","volume":"13","author":"Hummel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.2337\/dci19-0028","article-title":"Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation: recommendations from the international consensus on time in range","volume":"42","author":"Battelino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2025032118520786900_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk052","article-title":"Relaxing the rule of ten events per variable in logistic and Cox regression","volume":"165","author":"Vittinghoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dc24-2376\/797460\/dc242376.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.2337\/dc24-2376\/797460\/dc242376.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T19:01:29Z","timestamp":1742583689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/diabetesjournals.org\/care\/article\/48\/4\/528\/157810\/Repeated-OGTT-Versus-Continuous-Glucose-Monitoring"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc24-2376","relation":{},"ISSN":["0149-5992","1935-5548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0149-5992","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-5548","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}}}